A composition containing a compound represented by General Formula (I) below (see the definition in the specification for the symbols in the formula) or a salt thereof has an excellent CaSR agonistic effect and provides a pharmaceutical agent, a CaSR agonistic agent, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease that can be ameliorated through CaSR activation as well as seasonings and an agent for imparting kokumi. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with (a) a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor or (b) a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and a second active pharmaceutical ingredient.

The present invention is directed to the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with (a) a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor or (b) a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and a second active pharmaceutical ingredient.

A first aspect of the invention relates to betahistine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, for use in the treatment or prevention of one or more symptoms of vertigo in a subject. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating or preventing one or more symptoms of vertigo in a subject, said method comprising administering to the subject (i) betahistine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

A first aspect of the invention relates to betahistine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, for use in the treatment or prevention of one or more symptoms of vertigo in a subject. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating or preventing one or more symptoms of vertigo in a subject, said method comprising administering to the subject (i) betahistine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

A first aspect of the invention relates to betahistine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, for use in the treatment or prevention of one or more symptoms of vertigo in a subject. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating or preventing one or more symptoms of vertigo in a subject, said method comprising administering to the subject (i) betahistine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Disclosed are compositions comprising an interferon-alpha binding protein and combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). In some aspects, the interferon-alpha binding protein is B18R. In some aspects, the compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject with HIV associated neurogenerative disorder (HAND) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R and cART. Disclosed are methods of reversing behavioral abnormalities in subjects having HAND comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R.

Disclosed are compositions comprising an interferon-alpha binding protein and combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). In some aspects, the interferon-alpha binding protein is B18R. In some aspects, the compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject with HIV associated neurogenerative disorder (HAND) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R and cART. Disclosed are methods of reversing behavioral abnormalities in subjects having HAND comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R.

A pharmaceutical delivery device, comprising a cylindrical body formed from a plurality of concentrically arranged layers, each layer being formed from a biodegradable material and incorporating at least one active pharmaceutical agent. Optionally, the device comprises an outer layer, and inner layer and one or more intermediate layers, wherein at least one of the one or more intermediate layers is formed from a material having a greater rate of degradation that the inner and outer layers such that the inner and outer layers separate in use.

Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision is the provision of a SARM1 activating agent or prodrug thereof and methods of using same.