The invention relates to a method for increasing the lifespan of animal sperm comprising contacting said sperm with an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel. The invention also relates to a use of an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel, for increasing the lifespan of animal sperm or motility of capacitated animal sperm, comprising contacting an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel with said sperm. Moreover, the invention relates to an artificial insemination instrument for use in artificial insemination of an animal, comprising animal sperm in contact with an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel. The invention also relates to a method for artificially inseminating an animal using said artificial insemination instrument. Eventually, the invention relates to a method for increasing the fertility of an animal, comprising contacting sperm of said animal with an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel; then artificially inseminating said animal with said sperm.

Dosage forms, drug delivery systems, and methods related to sustained release of dextromethorphan or improved therapeutic effects are disclosed. Typically, bupropion or a related compound is orally administered to a human being to be treated with, or being treated with, dextromethorphan.

Dosage forms, drug delivery systems, and methods related to sustained release of dextromethorphan or improved therapeutic effects are disclosed. Typically, bupropion or a related compound is orally administered to a human being to be treated with, or being treated with, dextromethorphan.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition that causes dry eyes comprising: an effective amount of at least two active agents selected from: (1) at least one cholinesterase inhibitor; (2) at least one form of choline; (3) at least one form of carnitine; (4) at least one form of muscarinic agonist, sufficient to treat the disease or condition that causes dry eyes.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition that causes dry eyes comprising: an effective amount of at least two active agents selected from: (1) at least one cholinesterase inhibitor; (2) at least one form of choline; (3) at least one form of carnitine; (4) at least one form of muscarinic agonist, sufficient to treat the disease or condition that causes dry eyes.

A transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of buprenorphine comprising a buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure having (A) a buprenorphine-impermeable backing layer, and (B) a buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the backing layer. The buprenorphine-containing adhesive layer comprises (a) at least one polymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, (b) an analgesically effective amount of buprenorphine base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (c) a viscosity-increasing substance in an amount of about 0.1% to about 8% of the buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and (d) a carboxylic acid selected from oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, levulinic acid and mixtures thereof. The amount of the carboxylic acid is sufficient so that the analgesically effective amount of buprenorphine is solubilized in the carboxylic acid to form a mixture including the viscosity-increasing substance. This mixture forms dispersed deposits in the pressure-sensitive adhesive. The buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is the skin contact layer.

A transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of buprenorphine comprising a buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure having (A) a buprenorphine-impermeable backing layer, and (B) a buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the backing layer. The buprenorphine-containing adhesive layer comprises (a) at least one polymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, (b) an analgesically effective amount of buprenorphine base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (c) a viscosity-increasing substance in an amount of about 0.1% to about 8% of the buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and (d) a carboxylic acid selected from oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, levulinic acid and mixtures thereof. The amount of the carboxylic acid is sufficient so that the analgesically effective amount of buprenorphine is solubilized in the carboxylic acid to form a mixture including the viscosity-increasing substance. This mixture forms dispersed deposits in the pressure-sensitive adhesive. The buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is the skin contact layer.

Various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to treating an alcohol use disorder or neuroadaptations. Embodiments include compositions and methods for modelling, treatment, reducing resistance to the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of a condition/disease associated with alcohol use disorders, or a related clinical condition thereof. Other embodiments include methods and compositions for reducing the effects of adolescent alcohol drinking.

A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from a flavivirus infection by administering an effective amount of berbamine or its analogue to the subject, berbamine has a structure of Formula (I), wherein the flavivirus infection is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus or Dengue virus. A method of inhibiting the entry of a flavivirus, an enterovirus and/or a lentivirus into host cells, comprising contacting the host cells with an effective amount of berbamine of its analogue, berbamine has a structure of Formula (I), wherein the flavivirus is Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus or Dengue virus. The invention also provides a method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from a coronavirus, particularly the coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV, a method of inhibiting the entry of a coronavirus into host cells, as well as uses of berbamine or its analogue in the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating a flavivirus infection, enterovirus infection, lentivirus infection or coronavirus infection.

A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from a flavivirus infection by administering an effective amount of berbamine or its analogue to the subject, berbamine has a structure of Formula (I), wherein the flavivirus infection is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus or Dengue virus. A method of inhibiting the entry of a flavivirus, an enterovirus and/or a lentivirus into host cells, comprising contacting the host cells with an effective amount of berbamine of its analogue, berbamine has a structure of Formula (I), wherein the flavivirus is Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus or Dengue virus. The invention also provides a method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from a coronavirus, particularly the coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV, a method of inhibiting the entry of a coronavirus into host cells, as well as uses of berbamine or its analogue in the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating a flavivirus infection, enterovirus infection, lentivirus infection or coronavirus infection.