The disclosure relates to methods for treating or preventing an Insomnia Disorder by administering to a human in need thereof a compound of formula (I), or a compound of formula (IA), (IB), or (IC), or a solvate thereof, in a daily dose of from about 0.5 mg to about 6.0 mg. In certain embodiments, such compounds effectively treat or prevent an Insomnia Disorder in the animal, while producing reduced side effects compared to previously available compounds. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and related disorders.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and related disorders.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and related disorders.

Disclosed in certain embodiments is a solid oral dosage form comprising a heat-labile gelling agent; a thermal stabilizer; and a drug susceptible to abuse.

Disclosed in certain embodiments is a solid oral dosage form comprising a heat-labile gelling agent; a thermal stabilizer; and a drug susceptible to abuse.

In some embodiments provided herein is a method of treating pain, the method comprising administering into the subject

a pharmaceutical composition comprising multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate, said multivesicular liposomes comprising

bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

phosphoric acid;

a lipid component comprising at least one amphipathic lipid and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group; and,

optionally, a cholesterol and/or a plant sterol wherein said multivesicular liposomes are made by a process comprising:

a) preparing a first aqueous component comprising phosphoric acid;

b) preparing a lipid component comprising at least one organic solvent, at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group;

c) mixing said first aqueous component and said lipid component to form a water-in-oil emulsion, wherein at least one component comprises bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

d) mixing said water-in-oil emulsion with a second aqueous component to form solvent spherules; and

e) removing the organic solvent from the solvent spherules to form multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate,

wherein inadvertent administration of the pharmaceutical composition into the vasculature of the subject does not result in cardiac side effects or CNS side effects in the subject.

In some embodiments provided herein is a method of treating pain, the method comprising administering into the subject

a pharmaceutical composition comprising multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate, said multivesicular liposomes comprising

bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

phosphoric acid;

a lipid component comprising at least one amphipathic lipid and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group; and,

optionally, a cholesterol and/or a plant sterol wherein said multivesicular liposomes are made by a process comprising:

a) preparing a first aqueous component comprising phosphoric acid;

b) preparing a lipid component comprising at least one organic solvent, at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group;

c) mixing said first aqueous component and said lipid component to form a water-in-oil emulsion, wherein at least one component comprises bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

d) mixing said water-in-oil emulsion with a second aqueous component to form solvent spherules; and

e) removing the organic solvent from the solvent spherules to form multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate,

wherein inadvertent administration of the pharmaceutical composition into the vasculature of the subject does not result in cardiac side effects or CNS side effects in the subject.

In some embodiments provided herein is a method of treating pain, the method comprising administering into the subject

a pharmaceutical composition comprising multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate, said multivesicular liposomes comprising

bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

phosphoric acid;

a lipid component comprising at least one amphipathic lipid and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group; and,

optionally, a cholesterol and/or a plant sterol wherein said multivesicular liposomes are made by a process comprising:

a) preparing a first aqueous component comprising phosphoric acid;

b) preparing a lipid component comprising at least one organic solvent, at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid lacking a hydrophilic head group;

c) mixing said first aqueous component and said lipid component to form a water-in-oil emulsion, wherein at least one component comprises bupivacaine or a salt thereof;

d) mixing said water-in-oil emulsion with a second aqueous component to form solvent spherules; and

e) removing the organic solvent from the solvent spherules to form multivesicular liposomes encapsulating bupivacaine phosphate,

wherein inadvertent administration of the pharmaceutical composition into the vasculature of the subject does not result in cardiac side effects or CNS side effects in the subject.

In some embodiments provided herein is a method of treating pain, the method comprising injecting into the subarachnoid space of the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) a multivesicular liposome comprising: at least one amphipathic lipid, and at least one neutral lipid; and b) an aqueous phase comprising bupivacaine phosphate, wherein the aqueous phase is encapsulated within the multivesicular liposome.