A process for preparing a diazabicyclooctane compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein A represents RcO—; B represents NH or NC.sub.1-6 alkyl; C represents a benzyl group; Rc represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; A is substituted with one substituent Fn1, wherein Fn1 represents an azetidine group; the process including: (a) silylating the compound represented by the following formula (IV-c): ##STR00002##
wherein in the formula (IV-c), OBn represents benzyloxy, and (b) carrying out an intramolecular urea formation reaction.

A process for preparing a diazabicyclooctane compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein A represents RcO—; B represents NH or NC.sub.1-6 alkyl; C represents a benzyl group; Rc represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; A is substituted with one substituent Fn1, wherein Fn1 represents an azetidine group; the process including: (a) silylating the compound represented by the following formula (IV-c): ##STR00002##
wherein in the formula (IV-c), OBn represents benzyloxy, and (b) carrying out an intramolecular urea formation reaction.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for preventing, inhibiting or reducing biofilm formation and biofilm infections. The invention utilizes growth by-products of beneficial microorganisms to enhance the effectiveness of biocidal substances in the treatment, disruption and/or prevention of biofilms. Advantageously, the subject invention is useful against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, such as MRSA and certain strains of Helicobacter pylori.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for preventing, inhibiting or reducing biofilm formation and biofilm infections. The invention utilizes growth by-products of beneficial microorganisms to enhance the effectiveness of biocidal substances in the treatment, disruption and/or prevention of biofilms. Advantageously, the subject invention is useful against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, such as MRSA and certain strains of Helicobacter pylori.

A method for increasing the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the serum of a subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of an L-isomer of β-lactam effective to increase the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in said patient's serum.

A method for increasing the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the serum of a subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of an L-isomer of β-lactam effective to increase the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in said patient's serum.

A method for increasing the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the serum of a subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of an L-isomer of β-lactam effective to increase the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in said patient's serum.

Provided herein are antibacterial compounds, wherein the compounds in some embodiments have broad spectrum bioactivity. In various embodiments, the compounds act by inhibition of bacterial type 1 signal peptidases SpsB and/or LepB, an essential protein in bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment using the compounds described herein are also provided.

Provided herein are antibacterial compounds, wherein the compounds in some embodiments have broad spectrum bioactivity. In various embodiments, the compounds act by inhibition of bacterial type 1 signal peptidases SpsB and/or LepB, an essential protein in bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment using the compounds described herein are also provided.

Disclosed are methods and compositions related to STK1 inhibitors, such as Inh2-B1 (methyl 5-oxo-3-(phenyl carbamoyl)-1-thioxo-4,5dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[3,4-a]quinazoline-8-carboxylate). The STK1 inhibitors can act as an antibiotic resistance breakers against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.