The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating lupus or glomerulonephritis comprising a recombinant stabilized Galectin-9 protein. Specifically, the recombinant stabilized Galectin-9 protein of the present invention has been confirmed to exhibit safety in a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) animal model, reduce skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, and proteinuria caused by lupus, ameliorate lupus nephritis and glomerulonephritis, and decrease the concentration of anti-dsDNA antibodies in plasma. Accordingly, the recombinant stabilized Galectin-9 protein of the present invention can be effectively used as an active ingredient in a composition for preventing or treating lupus or glomerulonephritis.

A composition for preventing or treating hypoglycemia in a patient in need thereof has a microgel that includes crosslinked polymers containing glucose-responsive moieties; and blood glucose-raising therapeutic agent loaded on or within the microgel. The microgel further includes any one or a combination of a stabilizing component and a loading-assisting component for the blood glucose-raising therapeutic agent. The polymers containing the glucose-responsive moieties form secondary crosslinks in response to low glucose level, thereby causing shrinking of the microgel and rapid release of the blood glucose-raising therapeutic agent. The composition can be used to prepare a composite microneedle patch for preventing or treating hypoglycemia, where the composition is embedded or integrated within an array of the microneedles of the microneedle patch device.

A composition for preventing or treating hypoglycemia in a patient in need thereof has a microgel that includes crosslinked polymers containing glucose-responsive moieties; and blood glucose-raising therapeutic agent loaded on or within the microgel. The microgel further includes any one or a combination of a stabilizing component and a loading-assisting component for the blood glucose-raising therapeutic agent. The polymers containing the glucose-responsive moieties form secondary crosslinks in response to low glucose level, thereby causing shrinking of the microgel and rapid release of the blood glucose-raising therapeutic agent. The composition can be used to prepare a composite microneedle patch for preventing or treating hypoglycemia, where the composition is embedded or integrated within an array of the microneedles of the microneedle patch device.

The present invention relates to a recombinant stabilized galectin 9 protein and the use thereof, and more specifically, relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant stabilized galectin 9 protein for prevention or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and a bone disease. The recombinant stabilized galectin 9 protein differs from the wild-type galectin 9 protein in that the amino acids in the link region connecting two carbohydrates recognition domains (CRDs) are deleted, and the amino acids in the C-terminal CRD (CCRD) are deleted and substituted.

The present invention relates to a recombinant stabilized galectin 9 protein and the use thereof, and more specifically, relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant stabilized galectin 9 protein for prevention or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and a bone disease The recombinant stabilized galectin 9 protein differs from the wild-type galectin 9 protein in that amino acids in the link region connecting two carbohydrates recognition domains (CRDs) are deleted, and the amino acids in the C-terminal CRD (CCRD) are deleted and substituted.

The present invention relates to a method for a chewing-gum based mitigation of virus-related disease spread and pre-immunity activation based on disruption of syntrophic methanogenic processes in the oral-, shared oronasal and orotracheal microbiome. The invention provides a chewing gum composition comprising a methylotrophic yeast, preferably Komagataella phaffii; a plant lectin, preferably phytohaemagglutinin; and/or iron particles, preferably zero-valent iron particles.

The present invention relates to a method for a chewing-gum based mitigation of virus-related disease spread and pre-immunity activation based on disruption of syntrophic methanogenic processes in the oral-, shared oronasal and orotracheal microbiome. The invention provides a chewing gum composition comprising a methylotrophic yeast, preferably Komagataella phaffii; a plant lectin, preferably phytohaemagglutinin; and/or iron particles, preferably zero-valent iron particles.

The present invention relates to a stabilized pharmaceutical formulation comprising a recombinant stabilized galectin-9 protein. More specifically, the invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation with improved stability through the combination of a buffer and a stabilizer.

The present invention provides a multiomics approach, which integrate single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatiotemporal transcriptomics (ST) offering potential for dissecting transcriptional networks and revealing cell-cell interactions involved in biomolecular pathomechanisms. The present invention also provides a multimodal approach combining high-throughput scRNA-seq and ST to elucidate XLRS-specific transcriptomic signatures in two XLRS-like models with retinal splitting phenotypes, including genetically engineered (Rs1emR209C) mice and patient-derived retinal organoids harboring the same patient-specific p.R209C mutation. Through multiomics transcriptomic analysis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/eIF2 signaling, mTOR pathway, and the regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K pathways as chronically enriched and highly conserved disease pathways between two XLRS-like models are identified. Western blots and proteomics analysis validated the occurrence of unfolded protein responses, chronic eIF2 signaling activation, and chronic ER stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of the chronic ER stress/eIF2 pathway activation synergistically enhanced the efficacy of AAV mediated RS1 gene delivery, ultimately improving bipolar cell integrity, postsynaptic transmission, disorganized retinal architecture and electrophysiological responses. Collectively, the complex transcriptomic signatures obtained from Rs1emR209C mice and patient-derived retinal organoids using the multiomics approach provide opportunities to unravel potential therapeutic targets for incurable retinal diseases, such as XLRS.