Novel artificial exosomes and methods for producing novel artificial exosomes are provided. Methods of delivering cargo molecules to a cell using artificial exosomes are also provided.

An application of a skeletal muscle secreted factor Thbs4 in a preparation of a drug for improving systemic glucose and lipid metabolism is provided. According to the present invention, it is found through experiments that Thbs4 increases a body's metabolic rate by activating a beige-like change of white adipose, relieves the metabolic disorder caused by high-fat diet, and reveals its application value in the treatment of the metabolic disorder.

CD47+ disease cells such as cancer cells are treated using a combination of CD47 blockade drug and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The anti-cancer effect of one drug enhances the anti-cancer effect of the other. Specific combinations include SIRPFc as CD47 blockade drug, and one of depsipeptide and romidepsin as HDAC inhibitor. These combinations are useful particularly to treat blood cancers including lymphomas, leukemias and myelomas.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating diseases or disorders associated with pathological calcification or pathological ossification. In certain embodiments, the diseases or disorders are selected from the group consisting of Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI), Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification (IIAC), Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL), hypophosphatemic rickets, osteoarthritis, calcification of atherosclerotic plaques, PXE, hereditary and non-hereditary forms of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hardening of the arteries occurring with aging, calciphylaxis resulting from end stage renal disease and progeria.

Novel artificial exosomes and methods for producing novel artificial exosomes are provided. Methods of delivering cargo molecules to a cell using artificial exosomes are also provided.

Disclosed are immunization antigens that have been glyco-engineered to include non-native glycosylation patterns with a view to enhance their properties as antigens for use in such areas as vaccination and antibody production. Also disclosed are to means and methods for producing the glycomodified antigens as well of methods and uses of the glycomodified antigens.

The present application relates to the field of glyco-engineering, more specifically to glycosylation-engineered fungal cells, more specifically glycosylation-engineered yeast cells, optimized to produce highly homogenous forms of complex N-glycans on recombinant proteins. The invention specifically relates to methods to obtain pharmaceutical compositions comprising recombinant glycoproteins which have homogenous forms of complex N-glycans. In addition, the invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions which result from the methods of the invention.

The invention provides a prophylactic agent or therapeutic agent for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, containing as an active ingredient a binding inhibitor that inhibits interaction between activin and activin A receptor type I (ACVR1), or an expression suppressor that suppresses expression of activin.

Sortilin is a sorting receptor that directs target proteins to the secretary or endocytic compartments of cells that is found in both extracellular vesicles and cells. Provided herein are methods and compositions for decreasing or inhibiting trafficking of sortilin to an extracellular vesicle, for example by inhibiting the formation of intermolecular sortilin dimers.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating cancer, cancer metastasis and bone metabolic diseases, which comprises FSTL1 (Follistatin-like 1) protein as an active ingredient. More specifically, FSTL1 inhibits AKT activity and increases activity of tumor suppressor protein PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), while inhibiting DNA binding of NF-B (nuclear factor-B) and blocking the expression of target genes IL-6, GM-CSF, MMP-9, VEGF and ICAM1, and exhibits significant inhibitory effects on breast cancer growth and metastasis in animal models. Therefore, it can be useful for inhibiting cancer metastasis including breast cancer.