A method for reducing the likelihood of developing depression in an individual involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacterial species able to make small chain fatty acids, and preferably butyrate, and administering fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. The individual's gut microbiome is modified to reduce the number of undesired bacteria and to increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Bacteria are preferably modified to remove one or more virulence facts or alternatively to produce increased amounts of SCFA's, such as butyrate. Beneficial bacteria may be encapsulated in a frangible enclosure to ensure they arrive in an individual's body while still viable, e.g. such as being first released in the lower gut rather than being exposed to the harsh conditions of an individual's stomach. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial formulation comprising Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is administered. Other embodiments include the administration of a bacterial formulation comprising at least one of Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and L. casei to treat depression.

The present invention relates to a formulation in which glycolipids and phospholipids, isolated from rice bran gum samples, were used in conjunction with gene carrying lipids to test its efficacy in delivering genes to cancer cells selectively. This formulation did not mediate efficient delivery of genes to non-cancerous cells, thus, showing potential use of this formulation to deliver anticancer therapeutics to cancer cells without eliciting treatment related toxicity to normal cells.

A porous silica particles according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of pores with a diameter of 5 nm to 100 nm. The porous silica particles have particular physical properties, can deliver all various drugs by a supported amount in a sustained manner, and can be parenterally administered.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing depression in an individual involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacterial species able to make small chain fatty acids, and preferably butyrate, and administering fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. The individual's gut microbiome is modified to reduce the number of undesired bacteria and to increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Bacteria are preferably modified to remove one or more virulence facts or alternatively to produce increased amounts of SCFA's, such as butyrate. Beneficial bacteria may be encapsulated in a frangible enclosure to ensure they arrive in an individual's body while still viable, e.g. such as being first released in the lower gut rather than being exposed to the harsh conditions of an individual's stomach. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial formulation comprising Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is administered. Other embodiments include the administration of a bacterial formulation comprising at least one of Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and L. casei to treat depression.

Compositions, systems and methods of improving the health of the microbiome of an individual's skin relate to the provision of skin contacting formulations containing beneficial bacteria, postbiotics, metabolites and other microbe components to foster the growth and maintenance of a healthy skin microbiome. One embodiment includes a topical application of Lactobacillus Crispatus to ameliorate skin barrier damage and inflammation using unique combinations of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and other skin-beneficial ingredients, effectively treating inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and acne, through the production of tryptophan metabolites that act as AHR agonists.

Compositions, systems and methods of improving the health of the microbiome of an individual's skin relate to the provision of skin contacting formulations containing beneficial bacteria and other microbe components to foster the growth and maintenance of a healthy skin microbiome. Certain embodiments include methods of treatment for acne and other skin disorders involving the use of probiotics, as well as the use of bacteria engineered via CRISPR systems for the treatment of specific skin disorders.

The present application provides a method of treating a cancer, including administering to a subject in need of cancer treatment a therapeutically effective amount of an mRNA encoding tumor suppressor protein p53 in combination with an anticancer therapeutic agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the anticancer therapeutic agent is selected from an mTOR inhibitor, a platinum-based antineoplastic agent, and an AMPK activating agent.

The present application provides a method of treating a cancer, including administering to a subject in need of cancer treatment a therapeutically effective amount of an mRNA encoding tumor suppressor protein p53 in combination with an anticancer therapeutic agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the anticancer therapeutic agent is selected from an mTOR inhibitor, a platinum-based antineoplastic agent, and an AMPK activating agent.

A method for treating an individual suffering from a chronic infectious disease and who has cancer employs a CRISPR system to selectively kill or reduce the numbers of pathogenic bacteria within the individual and the individual is then administered an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In particular embodiments, the pathogenic bacteria is one of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella bacteria, and the checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, AMP-224, AMP-514, STI-A1110, TSR-042, RG-7446, BMS-936559, MEDI-4736, MSB-0020718C, AUR-012 and STI-A1010. Further embodiments include enhancing the growth of a second bacteria in the individual, such bacteria including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Coprococcus, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella, Escherichia and Streptococcus. The CRISPR system may include Cas9, Cpf1 and Cas3, and may be delivered using a bacteriophage.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to the field of treating and preventing osteoporosis, with particular embodiments directed to a method of ameliorating, treating, or preventing osteoporosis in a human subject employing tomatidine, xylitol, rapamycin, etc., as well as modifying an individual’s microbiome to reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis.