A novel polymer is provided by polymerization of xylitol and dodecanedioic acid. The polymer, poly(xylitol-dodecanedioic acid) or PXDDA, shows high elasticity. PXDDA significantly improves cell adhesion and promotes cell proliferation compared to an FDA-approved polymer, poly(lactic acid), and tissue-culture plates. PXDDA can be synthesized by a simple melt condensation polymerization without the use of any toxic catalysts.

The presently disclosed invention relates to products and methods of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering to the patient a pharmaceutically therapeutic dose of a chemotherapeutic, or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, conjugated to a nanocarrier. According to a further embodiment, the chemotherapeutic has a primary (1.sup.0) amine (—NH.sub.2) group in within a pharmaceutical structure of the chemotherapeutic structure. According to a further embodiment, the chemotherapeutic is one of a platinum-based pharmaceutical and an Anthracycline family pharmaceutical. According to a further embodiment, the chemotherapeutic is one of gemcitabine, methotrexate, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, daunorubicine, idarubicine, and epirubicine. According to a further embodiment, the chemotherapeutic is either attached to the nanocarrier by means that includes covalent bonds or is attached by means that does not included covalent bonds. According to a further embodiment, the nanocarrier is a pH-sensitive nanocarrier.

A novel ROS-responsive prodrug is provided. The prodrug utilizes a unique modified oxalate linker conjugated to 4-aminophenol, which can enhance the reaction kinetics for intracellular ROS within tumor tissues while keeping the modified oxalate backbone stable with amide bond under very low ROS level.

The present invention relates to microparticles containing finasteride, as microparticles containing finasteride and a biodegradable polymer, in a form in which the microparticles have a shape in which the finasteride drug is uniformly distributed in spherical biodegradable polymer particles, and the microparticles have an average particle diameter of 20 to 70 μm. The present invention relates to sustained-release microparticles which can maintain the effect of treating alopecia sustainably for 1 month to 3 months as the microparticles containing finasteride are administered, and a preparation method thereof, and the present invention may facilitate storage and handling of microparticles containing finasteride unlike oral dosage forms as a patient need not directly store and handle the microparticles by using the microparticles containing finasteride in a manner that the microparticles are administered to the patient through injection, maintain the drug effect for a long period of time such as 1 month to 3 months, and facilitate the administration as an injection by decreasing a foreign body sensation and pain at the time of administering the injection to a patient as the particles are prepared to have the average diameter of the particles to a certain micro size.

The present invention provides an injectable composition for controlled release drug delivery and the process of making the same, where the composition comprises: a lactate-based polymer having a weight average molecular weight between 5,000 and 50,000 dalton, an acid number of less than 3 mgKOH/g and the content of residual lactide monomers in the lactate-based polymer of less than about 0.3% by weight; a pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvent; and a bioactive substance or a salt thereof that contains an amino acid serine in the molecular structure that is capable of reacting with lactide monomer to form a conjugate; and where the composition reduces the formation of the conjugate.

The present invention utilizes carrier particles to present antigen peptides and proteins to the immune system in such a way as to include antigen specific tolerance. The carrier particle is designed in order to trigger an immune tolerance effect. The invention is useful for treatment of immune related disorders such as autoimmune disease, transplant rejection and allergic reactions.

The use of dianhydrogalactitol provides a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and medulloblastoma. Dianhydrogalactitol acts as an alkylating agent on DNA that creates N7 methylation. Dianhydrogalactitol is effective in suppressing the growth of cancer stem cells and is active against tumors that are refractory to temozolomide; the drug acts independently of the MGMT repair mechanism.

There are provided herein, inter alia, cationic amphipathic polymers, complexes, and compositions comprising same, and methods for their use including for the delivery of therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging agents, including nucleic acids, into a cell. The complexes, compositions and methods may facilitate delivery and targeted release of the therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging agents to particular cell types and tissues.

In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises an Affinity Medicant Conjugate (AMC). The medicant moiety can be a toxin including an acylfulvene or a drug moiety. The affinity moiety can be an antibody, a binding protein, a steroid, a lipid, a growth factor, a protein, a peptide or non peptidic. The affinity moiety can be covalently bound to the medicant via a linker. Novel linkers that can be directed to cysteine, arginine or lysine residues based on solution pH allow greater flexibility in preserving and/or generating specific epitopes in the AMC.

The disclosure provides a method for removing a cancer tumor stem cell and then further removing a tumor cell and provides an application of a drug molecule and its preparation in tumor treatment or prevention. On the one hand, by inducing the death of immunogenic cells, the anti-tumor immune response is enhanced. On the other hand, indoleamine-2,3-oxygenase is inhibited, immune cells, cytokines, amino acids, etc. are regulated, which improves the niche of cancer stem cells and makes them no longer conducive to the growth of cancer stem cells. Stem cell dormancy is lifted, and the sensitivity of cancer stem cells to chemotherapy drugs and immune cells is enhanced, so that cancer stem cells and tumor cells are effectively killed, and the efficacy of tumor treatment is improved.