Inventive concepts relate general to the field of implantable three-dimensional scaffolds. More particularly, methods of preparing and using implantable nanofibrous tissue scaffolds are described. Inventive scaffolds can be used for treatment of defects in a living organism, such as hard or soft tissue defects including bone.

This disclosure describes bone tissues engineered from a casted bio-nanocomposite comprising chitosan crosslinked with citric acid to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) where the amount of CNC used was as high as 29.4%. The nanocomposite showed proper characteristics of a bone mimicking structure. Different layers of the bio-nanocomposite showed an average pore size of greater than 26 micrometers in diameter; a porosity of about 90%, firm structure, maximum bioactivity as measured by deposition of calcium phosphate from simulated body fluid (SBF) solution (gaining weight more than 20% after 3 days), decreased rate of in vitro degradation in PBS (7-60 days), about 10% after 7 days, and acceptable bone cell viability (greater than 80%) in 2D and 3D cultures. The compression modulus of the bio-nanocomposites increased about 4 times and exhibited very small changes in size during the swelling process compared to control.

Methods are disclosed for forming bone and/or cartilage in an avian subject. The methods include administering to the avian subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising avian mesenchymal stem cells and a hydrogel that supports the differentiation of the avian mesenchymal stem cells into cells of an osteogenic and/or condrogenic lineage. In some embodiments, methods are disclosed for repairing a bone defect and preventing infection, such as that associated bone fracture, in an avian subject. The methods include administering locally to the bone defect a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of avian mesenchymal stem cells and a hydrogel, such as a methacrylated gelatin hydrogel.

Provided is the use of polymeric material, particularly, biodegradable polymeric material in treating osteochondral defects in a subject.

Described herein are methods and apparatus for constructing tissue replacements, such as bone replacements that may be used to repair damaged or missing segments of bone, such as may occur in wound repair or as a repair of a congenital anomaly. These methods involve a three-dimensional (3D) cell growth medium made from a yield stress material that allows cells and structures to be easily deposited and positioned.

The present application is directed to the field of scaffolds for tissue engineering. The scaffolds are typically comprised of nanofibers and are optionally biomineralized. The present application provides a process for forming nanofibrous materials via electrospinning and for biomineralizing such materials. The scaffolds of the present application can be biomineralized and contain a plurality of cells either on or within the scaffold, resulting in synthetic, bioresorbable scaffolds that can be used in various biomedical applications, such as for bone regeneration.

An ex-vivo culturing method of osteoblasts for implantation, comprising a culturing of adult live osteoblasts as an ex-vivo procedure. The ex-vivo culture, which leads to the formation of the active substance, further comprises the steps of isolation of osteo-progenitor cells, differentiation of osteo-progenitor cells in to osteoblasts, expansion culture, cell culture harvest and wash followed by filling and packaging. This method is instrumental in accelerating the process of bone formation.

The present invention provides a means effective for bone regeneration or bone augmentation.

Provided is a method of bone regeneration or bone augmentation, comprising: implanting a porous composite at a site in need of the bone regeneration or bone augmentation, and administering parathyroid hormone (PTH) to a subject in need of the bone regeneration or bone augmentation, wherein the porous composite comprises calcium phosphate.

The invention relates to methods of preparing a bone matrix solution, a bone matrix implant, and variants thereof. The invention also relates to methods of cell culture using the same. The invention further relates to bone matrix scaffolds comprising one or more bone matrix nanofibers, methods of preparing, and methods of use thereof. The invention also relates to methods of culturing cells and promoting differentiation of stem cells using the same.

A three component system for repairing critically sized bone defects having a first shape memory polymer (SMP) component formed as a scaffold that fills the defects, a second SMP component formed as a restricting sleeve that stabilizes and supports osseointegration and osteoconduction, and a third SMP component formed as a two-dimensional cell culture substrate for engineering periosteal grafts.