A system for monitoring water quality for dialysis, dialysis fluids, and body fluids treated by dialysis fluids, is disclosed. The system uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for detecting impurities in input water or dialysis fluid, and in the prepared dialysate. These sensors may also be used to monitor and check the blood of the patient being treated. These sensors include ion-selective sensors, for ions such as ammonium or calcium, and also include amperometric array sensors, suitable for ions from chlorine or chloramines, e.g., chloride. These sensors assist in the monitoring of water supplies from a city water main or well. The sensors may be used in conjunction with systems for preparing dialysate solutions from water for use at home or elsewhere.

A peritoneal dialysis system includes first and second concentrate sources in selective fluid communication with a medical fluid pumping cassette, the first and second concentrate sources holding first and second peritoneal dialysis concentrates, respectively; a pump actuator configured to cause the medical fluid pumping cassette to pump the first and second concentrates; and a processor and memory configured to (i) determine a cumulative volume of at least one of the first or second peritoneal dialysis concentrates pumped from the medical fluid pumping cassette by the pump actuator, (ii) compare the cumulative volume to a threshold, and (iii) if the cumulative volume is outside of the threshold, modify a subsequent stroke volume of at least one of the first or second pump chambers actuated by the pump actuator in an attempt to cause an updated cumulative volume for the at least one peritoneal dialysis concentrate to be within the threshold.

A peritoneal dialysis system is disclosed. An example peritoneal dialysis system includes a water treatment device including a water treatment processor and a first memory and a peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) machine including a PD processor and a second memory. The PD machine is configured to mix water treated by the water treatment device with at least one concentrate to produce a peritoneal dialysis fluid for treatment. The example peritoneal dialysis system also includes a data link between the water treatment processor and the PD processor. The water treatment device is configured to prepare an amount of treated water and, upon communication between the water treatment processor and PD processor over the data link, deliver the amount of the treated water to the PD machine for use in mixing the peritoneal dialysis fluid for the treatment. The treated water has a purity corresponding to an injectable quality or a sterile quality.

Improvements in fluid volume measurement systems are disclosed for a pneumatically actuated diaphragm pump in general, and a peritoneal dialysis cycler using a pump cassette in particular. Pump fluid volume measurements are based on pressure measurements in a pump control chamber and a reference chamber in a two-chamber model, with different sections of an apparatus being modeled using a combination of adiabatic, isothermal and polytropic processes. Real time or instantaneous fluid flow measurements in a pump chamber of the diaphragm pump are also disclosed, in this case using a one-chamber ideal gas model and using a high speed processor to obtain and process pump control chamber pressures during fluid flow into or out of the pump chamber.

Provided is an infusion system including: a liquid container that accommodates a blood derivative; a heating device that heats the blood derivative; an air bubble removal chamber that removes air bubbles in the blood derivative; a first flow path that connects the liquid container and the heating device to each other; a second flow path that connects the heating device and the air bubble removal chamber to each other; a third flow path that connects the air bubble removal chamber and an infusion unit to each other; a fourth flow path that connects the air bubble removal chamber and the liquid container to each other; a first pump provided in the first flow path; and a second pump provided in the third flow path. The heating device has a heating flow path where the blood derivative flows and a heat supply body that contacts the heating flow path.

A medical infusion fluid handling system, such as an automated peritoneal dialysis system, may be arranged to de-cap and connect one or more lines (such as solution lines) with one or more spikes or other connection ports on a fluid handling cassette. This feature may reduce a likelihood of contamination since no human interaction is required to de-cap and connect the one or more lines and the one or more spikes. For example, the automated peritoneal dialysis system may include a carriage arranged to receive the one or more lines each having a connector end and a cap. The carriage may move along a first direction so as to move the connector ends of the one or more lines along the first direction, and a cap stripper may be arranged to engage with the caps on the solution lines on the carriage. The cap stripper may move in a second direction transverse to the first direction, as well as to move with the carriage along the first direction.

A medical treatment system, such as a peritoneal dialysis system, may include a control and other features to enhance patient comfort and ease of use. For example, a cycler device may include a heater bag receiving section and a lid mounted to cover and uncover the heater bag receiving section, potentially enabling faster heating of a dialysate. A user interface may be moveable to be received into the receiving section and covered by the lid, if desired. The system may detect anomalous conditions, such as tilting of a housing of the system, and automatically recover without terminating a treatment. The system may include noise reduction features, such as porting pneumatic outputs to a common chamber, and others. The system may also automatically detect any one of several different solution lines connected to the system, and control operation accordingly, e.g., to mix solutions provided by two or more lines and form a needed dialysate solution. A cassette control surface may be arranged to have one or more ports that can detect a presence of a liquid, e.g., to identify if a cassette is leaking or has otherwise been compromised.

An indirect drain flush system incorporating hot water to facilitate the transport of kidney dialysis effluent to wastewater treatment facilities is provided. Heated water is discharged into a waste line through an air gap, and the heated water increases the molecular interchange of fatty substances in the dialysis effluent, decreasing the viscosity of those fatty substances and preventing them from coagulating or crystalizing on pipes and drains. An air admittance valve may prevent negative pressure from building up within the system.

A hemodialysis system is disclosed. The hemodialysis system includes a disposable set including a blood pumping tube, a fresh dialysate pumping tube, and a spent dialysate pumping tube. The hemodialysis system also includes a dialysis instrument including a blood pump head, a fresh dialysate pump head, a spent dialysate pump head, a first motor positioned and arranged to operate the blood pump head, a second motor positioned and arranged to operate the fresh dialysate pump head, and a third motor positioned and arranged to operate the spent dialysate pump head. When the disposable set is loaded into the dialysis instrument, the blood pumping tube comes into registry with the blood pump head, the fresh dialysate pumping tube comes into registry with the fresh dialysate pump head, and spent dialysate pumping tube comes into registry with the spent dialysate pump head.

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.