A dialysis system (e.g., a hemodialysis (HD) system) can be designed to operate in alternative environments, such as disaster relief settings or underdeveloped regions. The dialysis system can include a solar panel for generating electricity to power the dialysis machine and an atmospheric water generator for extracting water from ambient air. The extracted water can be used to generate dialysate and saline on-site. One or more of the components of the dialysis machine can be discrete components that are configured to facilitate fast shipping and simple on-site assembly (e.g., at a remote location). In some implementations, the discrete components may be configured to be attached to an existing dialysis system (e.g., a dialysis system designed for operation in a traditional environment) to permit the dialysis system to operate in an alternative environment.

A conductivity measurement device includes first and second conductivity measurement flow channels positioned in a fluid circuit and fluidly linked for fluid flow between the first and second conductivity measurement flow channels. A controller having a current source connected to the first and second conductivity channels applies alternating voltages at frequencies that are different, each being respective to one of the first and second conductivity cells.

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

The disclosure relates to concentrate pouches for use in peritoneal dialysis. The pouches can contain a solid, liquid, or aqueous solution. Water can be added to the concentrate pouches to facilitate dissolution and mixing of dry powders and/or aqueous concentrates to generate a peritoneal dialysis fluid for use in peritoneal dialysis therapy. The concentrate pouches can include a venturi to assist dissolution of concentrates.

A blood circuit assembly for a dialysis unit may include an organizing tray, a pair of pneumatic pumps mounted to the organizing tray for circulating blood received from a patient through a circuit including a dialyzer unit and returned to the patient, an air trap mounted to the organizing tray arranged to remove air from blood circulating in the circuit, a pair of dialyzer connections arranged to connect to the inlet and outlet of a dialyzer unit, and a pair of blood line connectors, one inlet blood line connector for receiving blood from the patient and providing blood to the pneumatic pumps and the other outlet blood line connector for returning blood to the patient.

Fluid channel sealing devices, frangible seals, fluid circuits, associated controllers and methods of using the same are provided for controlling fluid distribution using a reconfigurable blocking element having first and second portions to establish a first configuration free of any open channels such that fluid is prevented from flowing through the channel and a second configuration where the first and second portions are separated to establish an open channel and allow fluid to pass.

Described herein are systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis. According to one aspect, the disclosure provides a sterile interface connection for connecting a water purification system to a disposable source of dialysate concentrates. The sterile interface connection can include a chamber comprising an inlet adapted to be connected to the water purification system on a proximal end and a valve on a distal end. The sterile interface connection can also include spring-loaded needle disposed in the chamber. The spring-loaded needle can move between a retracted configuration in which the spring-loaded needle is fully retracted into the chamber and the valve is closed and sealed, and an extended configuration in which the spring-loaded needle extends through the valve into the disposable source of dialysate concentrates.

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

A water preparation apparatus for determining an amount of total chlorine in purified water is disclosed. The water preparation apparatus includes a chlorine sensing system, a water pretreatment filter, a reverse osmosis filter, and an electrodeionization (“EDI”) module. The chlorine sensing system is configured to determine an amount of total chlorine in the purified water by applying, at a first time, a source voltage to the purified water and removing, at a second time, the source voltage. The chlorine sensing system then measures, after the second time, an electrical parameter of the purified water. The chlorine sensing system determines the amount of total chlorine in the purified water based on the measured electrical parameter.

A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient may include a treatment fluid preparation device having a pump connected by a fluid channel to a reservoir of a source fluid, the pump conveying the source fluid from the reservoir, through a filter, and combining the source fluid with a concentrate by pumping the source fluid with the concentrate to form a treatment fluid in a batch container. The treatment fluid preparation device may have a controller that controls a heater, the pump, and a memory. The controller starts the heater to warm the treatment fluid in the batch container at a time that is responsive to the treatment time stored in the memory. The controller also detects a pressure property of the filter to determine its integrity and outputs an indication of a failed batch if the pressure property indicates the integrity of the filter is insufficient.