A blood treatment apparatus (1) defines first and second flow circuits (C1, C2) separated by a dialyzer (20). The second flow circuit (C2) comprises return and withdrawal lines (24′, 24″) for connection to a vascular system of a subject during a treatment session. After the treatment session, a control system causes an operator to connect the second flow circuit (C2) to a first port (32) of a container (30), the apparatus (1) to perform a rinseback procedure, the operator to disconnect the return line (24′) from the vascular system and re-arrange the second flow circuit (C2) to define a closed loop, and the apparatus (1) to draw residual liquid from the closed loop into the first flow circuit (C1) through a dialyzer membrane (21). To facilitate drainage of the residual fluid with a conventional line set, the second flow circuit (C2) is connected to a second port (33) of the container (30) to include the container (30) in the closed loop, or the return and withdrawal lines (24′, 24″) are connected in fluid communication with the first port of the container (30) through a three-way manifold coupling unit.

A hemodialysis system is disclosed. The hemodialysis system includes a disposable set including a blood pumping tube, a fresh dialysate pumping tube, and a spent dialysate pumping tube. The hemodialysis system also includes a dialysis instrument including a blood pump head, a fresh dialysate pump head, a spent dialysate pump head, a first motor positioned and arranged to operate the blood pump head, a second motor positioned and arranged to operate the fresh dialysate pump head, and a third motor positioned and arranged to operate the spent dialysate pump head. When the disposable set is loaded into the dialysis instrument, the blood pumping tube comes into registry with the blood pump head, the fresh dialysate pumping tube comes into registry with the fresh dialysate pump head, and spent dialysate pumping tube comes into registry with the spent dialysate pump head.

Provided is a centrifuge cassette assembly (800) for separating a fluid and related method of manufacture. The cassette assembly includes a first chamber, a second chamber (308), a fluidic channel (808) creating a fluid connection between the first chamber and the second chamber, at least one molded insertion valve (600, 700) configured to control the flow of fluid in the fluidic channel and a heating element (802) for actuating the at least one molded valve. Further provided are Normally Open Valves (NOVs) (700) and Normally Closed Valves (NCVs) (600) which are capable of insertion into, and which control the fluid flow of, the centrifuge cassette assembly.

Blood separation systems and methods are provided for separating blood under conditions of reduced plasma clarity. The system may assess plasma clarity by monitoring light transmissivity of plasma or comparing an actual plasma flow rate to an ideal plasma flow rate, with a low flow rate indicating decreased clarity, which may be addressed by increasing the plasma flow rate. For extracorporeal photopheresis, plasma clarity may be a factor in determining the dosage of irradiating light to apply to mononuclear cells. A fluid processing assembly for mononuclear cell collection may include visual indicium, which an operator may use to determine when to end mononuclear cell collection. The system may detect red blood cells flowing toward a mononuclear cell collection container and reverse the direction of flow to prevent red blood cells from entering the container. An operator may also be enabled to selectively begin and/or end harvesting of mononuclear cells.

Hemodialysis systems are described. A hemodialysis system may include a dialysate flow path through which dialysate is passed from a dialysate reservoir, which includes a valved vent to atmosphere, to an ultrafilter. The dialysate flow path includes a pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based dialysate pump for pumping fluid from the dialysate reservoir to the ultrafilter. The hemodialysis system may include a controller for controlling pneumatic actuation pressure delivered to the dialysate pump and at least one valve connecting the dialysate reservoir vent to the atmosphere. The hemodialysis system may be configured to actuate the dialysate pump and the at least one valve to introduce air into the dialysate flow path and expel liquid from the dialysate flow path to a drain.

A system and method for balancing flows of renal replacement fluid is disclosed. The method uses pressure controls and pressure sensing devices to more precisely meter and balance the flow of fresh dialysate and spent dialysate. The balancing system may use one or two balancing devices, such as a balance tube, a tortuous path, or a balance chamber.

A dialysis method to enable a patient to undergo both peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood treatments is disclosed. The method includes determining, via a base unit controller, whether a peritoneal dialysis treatment or an extracorporeal blood treatment is to be performed. If the peritoneal dialysis treatment is to be performed, the method includes operating first software instructions that cause a base unit to use a first fluid stored in a fluid container. If the extracorporeal blood treatment is to be performed, the method includes operating second software instructions that cause the base unit to use a second, different fluid from an online source and selectively move the second, different fluid to a blood treatment unit for use in the extracorporeal blood treatment. The blood treatment unit is operable with the base unit to perform the extracorporeal blood treatment on a patient.

The present disclosure relates to a control and/or closed-loop control device for executing a method for removing fluid from an extracorporeal blood circuit, in particular from a blood filter and/or from a venous air separation chamber, used for the blood treatment of a patient, wherein said controlling or closed-loop controlling is carried out after the completion of the blood treatment or the blood treatment session. It further relates to a medical treatment apparatus having a control and/or closed-loop control device with which the method according to the present disclosure is executable, a digital storage medium, a computer program product and a computer program.

A system for detecting whether a vascular access has been interrupted in an arrangement in which two catheters or needles are present in a blood vessel, fistula or graft. A fluid line leading to a pump is connected via a first connector to a first indwelling catheter, and a fluid line leading from a pump is connected via a second connector to a second indwelling catheter. Each connector is equipped with an electrode in contact with the lumen of the connector, the electrodes electrically connected to an electronic circuit that measures the impedance or conductivity of fluid between the first connector and second connectors via a fluid path through the blood vessel, fistula or graft. An electronic controller receives the impedance or conductivity data and processes the data to determine whether a vascular access disconnection has occurred. The processing may involve filtering the signal received by the controller, and/or setting provisional flags for a disconnection event that may be cleared if the signal changes before the expiration of a counter.

Described are embodiments that include methods and devices for separating components from multi-component fluids. Embodiments may involve use of separation vessels and movement of components into and out of separation vessels through ports. Embodiments may involve the separation of plasma from whole blood. Also described are embodiments that include methods and devices for positioning portions, e.g., loops, of disposables in medical devices. Embodiments may involve use of surfaces for automatically guiding loops to position them into a predetermined position.