Wearable devices are provided herein including wearable defibrillators, wearable devices for diagnosing symptoms associated with sleep apnea, and wearable devices for diagnosing symptoms associated with heart failure. The wearable external defibrillators can include a plurality of ECG sensing electrodes and a first defibrillator electrode pad and a second defibrillator electrode pad. The ECG sensing electrodes and the defibrillator electrode pads are configured for long term wear. Methods are also provided for using the wearable external defibrillators to analyze cardiac signals of the wearer and to provide an electrical shock if a treatable arrhythmia is detected. Methods are also disclosed for refurbishing wearable defibrillators. Methods of using wearable devices for diagnosing symptoms associated with sleep apnea and for diagnosing symptoms associated with heart failure are also provided.

Described herein are methods, devices, and systems that monitor heart rate and/or for arrhythmic episodes based on sensed intervals that can include true R-R intervals as well as over-sensed R-R intervals. True R-R intervals are initially identified from an ordered list of the sensed intervals by comparing individual sensed intervals to a sum of an immediately preceding two intervals, and/or an immediately following two intervals. True R-R intervals are also identified by comparing sensed intervals to a mean or median of durations of sensed intervals already identified as true R-R intervals. Individual intervals in a remaining ordered list of sensed intervals (from which true R-R intervals have been removed) are classified as either a short interval or a long interval, and over-sensed R-R intervals are identified based on the results thereof. Such embodiments can be used, e.g., to reduce the reporting of and/or inappropriate responses to false positive tachycardia detections.

A wearable defibrillator includes one or more environmental sensors including an accelerometer, one or more ECG sensors configured to acquire ECG data, and an alarm manager and at least one processor operatively coupled to the one or more ECG sensors and the accelerometer. The at least one processor is configured to detect a cardiac abnormality in the patient, identify a notification having one or more characteristics, and detect an environmental condition of the wearable defibrillator. The accelerometer is configured to detect a presence or lack of patient motion, and/or detect a body position of the patient as the detected environmental condition. The at least one processor is configured to determine whether one or more factors exist that inhibit the patient's ability to recognize the notification, on determining their existence, adapt the one or more characteristics of the notification and provide an adapted notification, and issue the adapted notification.

Technologies and implementations for a wearable healthcare system, which may be worn by a person. The wearable healthcare systems may include one or more motion sensors. A motion analysis modules may be included in the wearable healthcare system, which may be configured to determine physical activities and intensity of the physical activities of the person.

An intracardiac defibrillation catheter system includes a defibrillation catheter, a power supply device, and an electrocardiograph, in which an arithmetic processing unit of the power supply device sequentially senses an event estimated to be an R wave from an electrocardiogram input from the electrocardiograph, calculates a heart rate each time sensing is performed, and, when, after an event (V.sub.n) is sensed and after an application execution switch is input, an event (V.sub.n+m) is sensed, performs arithmetic processing so that a DC voltage is applied in synchronization with the event (V.sub.n+m) only in a case where the event (V.sub.n+m) is sensed after a lapse of a refractory period whose length corresponds to 50% of a reciprocal of a heart rate (A.sub.n) at a sensing time point of the event (V.sub.n), to control a DC power supply unit. The defibrillation catheter system can reliably avoid performing defibrillation in synchronization with a T wave without being affected by the level of the heart rate of a patient.

A defibrillator is an apparatus for defibrillation, and includes an oxygen saturation (TOI) measurement unit for acquiring a numerical value related to an oxygen saturation of a patient, an electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement unit for measuring an electrocardiogram of the patient in order to determine whether an electrical shock is required for the patient, and a control unit for starting measurement of the electrocardiogram of the patient in the electrocardiogram measurement unit on the condition that the numerical value acquired in the oxygen saturation measurement unit exceeds a threshold value.

A system for assisting a rescuer with treatment of a patient is described. An example system includes a mobile computing device that includes a user interface and a processor coupled to memory. The processor is configured to cause the user interface to prompt the rescuer to select a proficiency level from among multiple proficiency levels including a basic proficiency level and at least one non-basic proficiency level. The basic proficiency level includes basic resuscitation instructions for the rescuer. The system is further configured to receive an input from the rescuer of the selected proficiency level. The system provides, if the rescuer selects the basic proficiency level, the basic resuscitation instructions to the rescuer, and provides, if the rescuer selects the at least one non-basic proficiency level, non-basic instructions to the rescuer. The system transmits signals to control a defibrillator according to the selected proficiency level.

Several defibrillators, defibrillator architectures, defibrillator components and methods of operating defibrillators are described. In one aspect, a modular defibrillator architecture is described. A base unit provides a fully functional defibrillator. The functionality of the base unit can be supplemented by attaching an interface unit to the base unit or by connecting a smartphone the base unit. Such devices provide connectivity as well as a screen for displaying supplementary graphics and/or videos which are useful to support both emergency and maintenance & monitoring activities. In some embodiments a battery pack may also or alternatively be coupled to the base unit to prolong the unit's shelf life before recharging or replacement of its batteries is required. If necessary the base unit can be powered from a connected external device such as a mobile communication device.

A system for facilitating resuscitation includes: a first electrode assembly having a therapy side and a first motion sensor; a second electrode assembly having a therapy side and a second motion sensor; processing circuitry operatively connected to and programmed to receive and process signals from the first and second motion sensors to estimate at least one of a chest compression depth and rate during administration of chest compressions and to compare the chest compression depth or rate to a desired range; and an output device for providing instructions to a user to administer chest compressions based on the comparison of the estimated chest compression depth or rate to the desired range. One or both of the electrode assemblies may be constructed so that the conductive therapeutic portion is able to maintain substantial conformance to the anatomy of the patient when coupled thereto. For example, at least a portion of the flexible electrode pad may be able to flex from a more rigid sensor housing, or the sensor housing itself may be relatively small compared to the flexible electrode pad so as not to cause lift off of the therapeutic side from the patient.

The present invention relates to a medical device, in particular to an implantable medical device, comprising at least one implantable or non-implantable hemodynamic sensor configured for detecting hemodynamic cardiac signals, a controller configured for processing and analyzing the detected cardiac hemodynamic signals or signals derived from the detected cardiac hemodynamic signals by applying to said signals a Teager Energy Operator (TEO). The controller further comprises at least one algorithm configured to determine the need for a defibrillation operation by taking into account the at least one output hemodynamic signal. The present invention also provides a method and software for detecting or treating a ventricular fibrillation episode by taking into account cardiac hemodynamic signals.