Catheterization is carried out by inserting a probe having a location sensor into a body cavity, and in response to multiple location measurements identifying respective mapped regions of the body cavity. Using the location measurements, a simulated 3-dimensional surface of the body cavity is constructed. One or more unmapped regions are delineated by rotating the simulated 3-dimensional surface about an axis. The simulated 3-dimensional surface of the body cavity is configured to indicate locations of the unmapped regions based on the location measurements.

Systems, devices and methods of determining orientation of a distal end of a medical instrument (e.g., electrode-tissue orientation of an RF ablation catheter) are described herein. One or more processors may be configured to receive temperature measurements from each of a plurality of temperature-measurement devices distributed along a length of the distal end of the medical instrument and determine the orientation from a group of two or more possible orientation options based on whether temperature measurement values or characteristics of temperature response determined from the temperature measurement values satisfy one or more orientation criteria.

Closure devices and methods for ligating tissue, such as the left atrial appendage, generally, include an elongate body having a first lumen therethrough, a snare loop assembly, a vacuum tube, and an imaging device. The snare loop assembly may include a snare and a suture loop releasably coupled to the snare and may at least partially extend from a distal end of the elongate body. The vacuum tube may be slidably positioned within the first lumen to extend through the snare loop assembly. The imaging device may be disposed within the lumen of the vacuum tube.

A system and method for determining the optimum dose of cryotreatment to an area of target tissue to achieve isolation based on the time to effect (TTE). The system may generally include a treatment device, a sensing device, and a processor programmed to calculate the optimum dose of cryotreatment, in seconds, based on TTE. The TTE may be based on electrical signals received by the processor from the sensing device. The processor may be further programmed to automatically terminate a cryoablation procedure when the optimum dose of cryotreatment has elapsed. The optimum dose of cryotreatment may be the time, in seconds, it takes to achieve isolation, which may be the time it takes for an area of tissue to reach approximately −20° C.

An interactive treatment mapping and planning system enables a user to more quickly, thoroughly, and efficiently aggregate fibroid and/or treatment information from a user and/or one or more sets of databases, construct a fibroid map providing a visual representation of the aggregated fibroid information, generate information from the aggregated information about the fibroid to be treated and/or treatment procedure, develop a treatment plan based on the fibroid and/or treatment procedure information, provide real-time information gathered from treatment devices during the treatment procedure, and allow the user to interact with the treatment data.

A method and apparatus or system are disclosed for a procedure with minimal or no fluoroscopy, for example an electrosurgical procedure, and which uses a three dimensional mapping system. The procedure typically involves electrical measurement of the electrode of a needle to determine its position. Some embodiments further include intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) for tracking devices. The apparatus includes a needle with a tip electrode, an electroanatomical mapping (EAM) system, and an electrical generator, wherein a switching device is used to restrictively electrically connect the needle to only one of the mapping system or generator at a given time.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for medical procedures are disclosed herein for receiving an input of a plurality of measured coordinates of a respective plurality of position transducers of a probe inside a body of a subject, receiving a measured voltage measurement output by the probe, determining a cost function based on a model of known mechanical properties of the probe compared to the measured coordinates with respect to shapes that can be assumed by the probe in the body and further based on an expected voltage value compared to the measured voltage measurement, selecting a shape based on the cost function, generating corrected coordinates of the points along the probe based on the shape and displaying a representation of the probe using the corrected coordinates.

Ablation systems and methods of the present disclosure control lesion depth and width such that, for example, wide and shallow lesions can be formed in target tissue in an anatomic structure of a patient during a medical procedure. Such wide and shallow lesions can be useful for treating, for example, thin tissue such as atrial tissue in atria of the heart of the patient.

A robotic assembly comprises a deployment catheter including a steerable distal region and further comprises a balloon assembly coupled to the steerable distal region.

Methods of performing surgical operations and associated devices are disclosed. An example method may include locating a first position on a first surface of a biological tissue; locating a second position on a second opposing surface of the biological tissue, the second position corresponding to the first position; and marking the second position on the second surface. The second surface may be generally opposite the first surface. An example method may include, after marking the second position, performing a therapeutic procedure on the biological tissue in the vicinity of the second position.