Patient-mounted retractors with varying configurations and/or features are provided, along with additional components for use therewith in provided patient-mounted retractor assemblies. Blade type and tube type patient-mounted retractors that may be re-positioned during the course of a procedure are provided in varying configurations and/or geometries suitable for varying procedures and/or patient anatomies. Applications of re-positionable patient-mounted retractor assemblies are particularly suitable for use in minimally invasive procedures, eliminating the need for table-mounted retraction assemblies and/or cannulas that restrict the operating environment.

A polyaxial bone anchoring device includes a receiving part with two legs defining a recess for receiving a rod and a pressure member for exerting pressure on a head of a bone anchoring element in the receiving part, the pressure member having an engagement portion. The engagement portion can extend at least partially into a leg and is directly engageable from outside the bone anchoring device to move the engagement portion axially for adjusting the pressure member from a non-locking position where the head is pivotable to a locking position where the head is clamped. When the pressure member is in the locking position and the engagement portion is free from any outside axial forces, a first contact surface of the receiving part cooperates with a second contact surface of the pressure member to hold the pressure member in the locking position.

A bone anchoring device includes a receiving part configured to pivotably receive a head of an anchoring element, a pressure member positionable and movable in the receiving part, and an insert member positionable at least partially in the pressure member and movable axially relative to the pressure member between a first position and a second position for exerting an adjustable pressure on the head of the anchoring element. A first engagement structure of the insert member that has at least one of an upwardly facing engagement surface or a downwardly facing engagement surface is configured to engage a second engagement structure of the pressure member to releasably hold the insert member at the first position against movement towards the second position and to releasably hold the insert member at the second position against movement towards the first position.

Bone graft scaffold arrangements are described that can be used in minimally invasive posterolateral spinal fusion. The bone graft scaffold apparatus comprise a housing which comprises a cavity for receiving bone growth promoting materials and a plurality of apertures. In use these allow bone and blood vessels to grow through the plurality of apertures to form the bone bridge between vertebrae. Further the bone graft scaffold apparatus comprise at least one opening in the housing for receiving a shaft of an orthopaedic device, such as rod linking pedicle screws, or the shaft of a pedicle screw, or another suitable shaft in another surgical procedure. The apparatus can be attached to structural components such as rods and screws and used to form a continuous scaffold between vertebras to assist in forming a bone bridge.

Various implant holding systems are provided herein that include an outer tube, an inner tube, and a holder. The implant holding systems can be designed to hold various implants, such as one or more set screws used in spinal operations. For example, one embodiment of an implant holding system can have an outer tube, an inner tube that can be disposed within the outer tube, and a surgical implant holder that can be disposed within the inner tube. One or more stackable surgical implants, such as set screws, of various configurations and sizes can be disposed within the holder, and the holder can engage the surgical implants to assist in maintaining an orientation of the surgical implants relative to the holder.

A spinal anchor assembly for securing a spinal fixation element has an anchor element adapted for attachment to bone. The anchor element has an opening for receiving a spinal fixation element and side walls on opposed sides of the opening with a plurality of inferior surfaces defined on the side walls. A twist-lock closure closes the opening and captures the spinal fixation element. A locking element can be provided on the closure element and the anchor element. The locking element can be configured so that when the closure element is rotated from the open position to the closed position, the locking element engages to deter the closure element from twisting back to the open position.

The present disclosure provides for improved bone implantation and stabilization assemblies, and improved systems/methods for deploying and/or undeploying such bone implantation and stabilization assemblies. More particularly, the present disclosure provides for improved devices, systems and methods for stabilizing bones and/or bone segments. In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure provides for improved devices, systems and methods for deploying bone implantation and stabilization assemblies into bone tissue (e g., spinal structure, vertebrae, cancellous bone, cortical bone, etc.) in order to stabilize bones and/or bone segments.

A pedicle screw system, including a pedicle screw having a screw shaft with an external thread and having a screw head supported on the screw shaft in a ball-and-socket joint relationship. The screw head includes a connecting element receptacle for a connecting element of a spinal stabilization system. The pedicle screw system further includes: a bone alignment apparatus and a coupling device for at least one of force-locking coupling and form-locking coupling of the bone alignment apparatus and the pedicle screw in an alignment position in which a mobility of the screw head and the screw shaft is reduced from three degrees of freedom of movement in rotation of the screw head supported on the screw shaft in a ball-and-socket joint relationship therewith by at least one degree of freedom of rotation.

A receiver subassembly adapted to couple with a universal shank to form a bone anchor assembly. The universal shank having an integral upper capture structure with opposed spaced apart flat side surfaces. The receiver subassembly including a receiver including a distal opening for bottom loading of the capture structure of the universal shank there-through. The receiver supporting a retainer and a positioner within the receiver. The positioner supporting a position of the retainer within the receiver. The retainer configured to couple with the capture structure when the capture structure extends at least partially through the distal opening.

A minimally invasive screw with double threaded plugs is provided, for connecting to a connecting rod. The screw includes an inner threaded plug, an outer threaded plug, a lengthened arm connector, a press block and a pin with a hollow ball head. The connecting rod can be fixed to the lengthened arm connector via the press block, the inner and outer threaded plugs, to prevent the vertebral body from rotating and loss of intervertebral height when the vertebral body is distracted and pressurized.