The present invention relates to the use of a combination of a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and one or more of 5-HT.sub.4 agonist, an H.sub.3 antagonist or inverse agonist, a nicotinic α.sub.7 receptor agonist, a β.sub.3 adrenergic agonist or a TAAR1 agonist for the treatment of psychiatric or neurological disorders in which depressive, anhedonia, motivation-related or cognition-related dysfunction exists (such as major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction, anhedonia or motivation-related aspects of schizophrenia (e.g. negative and cognitive symptoms), as well as Parkinson's disease (e.g. non-motor features such as depression, apathy and cognitive impairment)).

The present invention relates to the use of a combination of a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and one or more of 5-HT.sub.4 agonist, an H.sub.3 antagonist or inverse agonist, a nicotinic α.sub.7 receptor agonist, a β.sub.3 adrenergic agonist or a TAAR1 agonist for the treatment of psychiatric or neurological disorders in which depressive, anhedonia, motivation-related or cognition-related dysfunction exists (such as major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction, anhedonia or motivation-related aspects of schizophrenia (e.g. negative and cognitive symptoms), as well as Parkinson's disease (e.g. non-motor features such as depression, apathy and cognitive impairment)).

A composition for preventing and/or treating pancreatitis and a method of prevention and/or treatment of pancreatitis are disclosed. The composition include an aryl ethene compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient. The method includes administering the aryl ethene compound, an isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in an effective amount to a subject in need thereof.

A composition for preventing and/or treating pancreatitis and a method of prevention and/or treatment of pancreatitis are disclosed. The composition include an aryl ethene compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient. The method includes administering the aryl ethene compound, an isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in an effective amount to a subject in need thereof.

Novel 3-(N-piperidinyl)methyl benzamide derivatives are disclosed. The compounds can be used in treating diseases and conditions which are associated with abnormal cell function related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. For example, the compounds can be used as suppressors of ER stress-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death, for example in the treatment of diabetes.

Methods and compositions are provided that are utilized for treatment and/or prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage or progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN), particularly following spinal cord injury. In particular, the methods and compositions are inhibitors of a particular NC.sub.Ca-ATP channel and include, for example, inhibitors of SUR1 and/or inhibitors of TRPM4. Kits for treatment and/or prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage or progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN), particularly following spinal cord injury, are also provided. The present invention also concerns treatment and/or prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in infants, including premature infants utilizing one or more inhibitors of the channel is provided to the infant, for example to brain cells of the infant.

Methods and compositions are provided that are utilized for treatment and/or prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage or progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN), particularly following spinal cord injury. In particular, the methods and compositions are inhibitors of a particular NC.sub.Ca-ATP channel and include, for example, inhibitors of SUR1 and/or inhibitors of TRPM4. Kits for treatment and/or prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage or progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN), particularly following spinal cord injury, are also provided. The present invention also concerns treatment and/or prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in infants, including premature infants utilizing one or more inhibitors of the channel is provided to the infant, for example to brain cells of the infant.

The present invention relates to a compound of Formula la, lb and Ic, (Formula Ia) a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and their use in the treatment or prevention of pathological conditions associated to depolarizing GABAergic transmission including, for example, Down syndrome and autism.

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The present invention relates to a compound of Formula la, lb and Ic, (Formula Ia) a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and their use in the treatment or prevention of pathological conditions associated to depolarizing GABAergic transmission including, for example, Down syndrome and autism.

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New compositions are provided containing artemisinin dimers with high activity as anti-protozoal agents, including anti-malarial and anti-leishmanial properties, and methods for the treatment of protozoal infections, including malaria or leishmaniasis.