Provided herein are split reporter systems for detecting poly-ADP ribose polymerase activity in living systems. In some aspects, the split reporter systems comprise a first fusion protein comprising a first fragment of a reporter protein functionally linked to a first poly-ADP ribose binding moiety; and a second fusion protein comprising a second fragment of the reporter protein functionally linked to a second poly-ADP ribose binding moiety wherein the first and second fragments of the reporter protein are each non-functional and capable of recombining, optionally in the presence of a substrate, to form a functional reporter protein capable of producing a detectable signal. Also provided are methods of use thereof.

The present invention is related to a targeted type shell for drug delivery system. The object of the present invention is to provide the targeted type shell for DDS, which comprises a carbosilane dendrimer containing a silole produced by which is formed by utilizing the reaction between thiol group and alkyl halide, and a targeted protein containing a labeled proteins such as green fluorescent protein with a target recognition site. The shell may incorporate compounds having a variety of molecular weight and biopolymers, and selectively deliver them into targeted cells.

Disclosed are a human-derived ferritin monomer fragment and a fusion polypeptide using the same, and more particularly, to a human-derived ferritin of which a portion of a fourth loop and a fifth helix of the ferritin monomer fragment are removed, and a fusion polypeptide in which a polypeptide or a protein is fused to an N-terminus or a C-terminus of the ferritin monomer fragment.

Modified viruses and methods for preparing the modified viruses are provided. Vaccines that contain the viruses are provided. The viruses can be used in methods of treatment of diseases, such as proliferative and inflammatory disorders, including cancer, and as anti-tumor and/or antiangiogenic agents. The viruses also can be used in diagnostic methods.

A method for manufacturing bubbles of the present invention includes: injecting an aqueous liquid 10 into a container 20 to a predetermined height; and vibrating the container at the number of revolution of equal to or high than 5,000 rpm such that the aqueous liquid 10 repeatedly collides with an inner surface of the container 20. According to the manufacturing, simply by vibrating the container 20 at a predetermined number of revolution, a large amount of bubbles 1 having a uniform size can be stably generated in the aqueous liquid 10. Furthermore, the vibrating the container 20 is preferably performed in a state where an internal pressure of the container 20 is higher than 1.0 atm.

A method of treating a subject afflicted with a retinal degenerative or neurodegenerative disease including administering an optogenetic therapeutic to the subject, where the optogenetic therapeutic includes an optogenetic protein fused or linked to a marker protein. An optogenetic therapeutic for use in treating a subject afflicted with a retinal degenerative or neurodegenerative disease, including an optogenetic protein fused or linked to a marker protein.

A bubble manufacturing container 20 of the present invention includes: a container body 21 having an opening portion; and a rubber stopper 221 provided on the opening portion of the container body 21. The rubber stopper 221 is constituted so that the bubbles 1 of an inside of the container body 21 are able to be taken by piercing an injection needle. It is preferred that the bubble manufacturing container 20 has a fastening portion 222 provided on the rubber stopper 221, having an opening and sealing the container body 21 with the rubber stopper 221. Furthermore, it is preferred that the container body 21 mounts a weight portion.

Modified viruses and methods for preparing the modified viruses are provided. Vaccines that contain the viruses are provided. The viruses can be used in methods of treatment of diseases, such as proliferative and inflammatory disorders, including cancer, and as anti-tumor and/or antiangiogenic agents. The viruses also can be used in diagnostic methods.

Disclosed are compounds of formula (I) below: ##STR00001## wherein each of the variables A, B, X, W, V, R.sub.1-R.sub.5, and m is defined herein. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing a nanocomplex, wherein the nanocomplex is formed of one of the compounds, and a protein, a nucleic acid, or a small molecule; and methods of treating a medical condition with one of the pharmaceutical compositions.

A method, for manufacturing bubbles of the present invention includes: mixing and aqueous liquid 10 with a gas 3; and applying vibration (an external force) to the aqueous liquid 10 and the gas 3 to generate a plurality of bubbles 1 constituted with the gas in the aqueous liquid 10. A diameter of the bubbles 1 to be generated in adjusted by changing a kind and/or an amount of an additive to be added to the aqueous liquid 10. In this way, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing bubbles that makes it possible to wasily and reliably adjust the diameter of the bubbles to be generated. The additive to be added to the aqueous liquid 10 includes at least on kind of additive among a protein, salts, and sugars.