A control device for a blood treatment machine performs a connection test (50) by causing the blood treatment machine to switch (51, 53) between a first and a second operating state by reversing a blood pump so as to change a flow direction of blood through both a dialyzer and access devices connected to a patient. Based on an output signal of at least one sensor in the blood treatment machine (52, 54), the control device computes (55) an efficiency change parameter that represents a change in in-vivo clearance of the blood treatment machine during the switch of the blood treatment machine between the first and second operating states. The control device evaluates (56) the efficiency change parameter to jointly detect connection errors at the dialyzer, resulting in co-current flow of treatment fluid and blood through the dialyzer, and at the access devices, resulting in access recirculation of blood.

A device and method for extracorporeal blood treatment, in particular for hemodialysis, and a method for the balance control of a dialysis fluid in an extracorporeal blood treatment. Sodium balancing can be implemented with improved accuracy during the blood treatment, because distorting effects in the conductivity measurement of the used dialysis fluid can be corrected by taking into account the loading of the used dialysis fluid with urophanic substances, which loading is sensed by an additional measuring apparatus.

A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal circuit and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation in the extracorporeal circuit, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreased, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation are measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured recirculation and the arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation. The system also includes an accommodation of oxygenation by the lungs of the patient during the extracorporeal blood oxygenation.

A system for monitoring water quality for dialysis, dialysis fluids, and body fluids treated by dialysis fluids, is disclosed. The system uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for detecting impurities in input water or dialysis fluid, and in the prepared dialysate. These sensors may also be used to monitor and check the blood of the patient being treated. These sensors include ion-selective sensors, for ions such as ammonium or calcium, and also include amperometric array sensors, suitable for ions from chlorine or chloramines, e.g., chloride. These sensors assist in the monitoring of water supplies from a city water main or well. The sensors may be used in conjunction with systems for preparing dialysate solutions from water for use at home or elsewhere.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit (12) is configured for setting a sodium concentration value for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line (8) at a set point; the setting of the sodium concentration includes the sub-step of calculating the sodium concentration value as an algebraic sum of a main contribution term based on the blood plasma conductivity and of an adjustment contribution term based on a concentration of at least a substance in the dialysis fluid chosen in the group including bicarbonate, potassium, acetate, lactate, citrate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate, and phosphate.

A blood purification device for blood purification therapy performed through a blood purifier, the blood purification device includes piping; a plurality of sensors of different detection types that are provided on the piping; and a liquid chemical identification unit that identifies a type of a cleaning/disinfection liquid chemical flowing through the piping by using the plurality of sensors. The liquid chemical identification unit is configured to be able to identify types of the liquid chemicals of at least not less than the number of the plurality of sensors by using the plurality of sensors.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit connected to a blood circuit and to a dialysate circuit, a preparation device for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit is configured for setting a sodium concentration value for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line at a set point based on the physician prescription; starting from the initial patient plasma conductivity, estimated at the beginning of the treatment, and based on the target plasma conductivity/sodium concentration which is equivalent to the dialysate conductivity/sodium concentration prescribed, the control unit determines the minimum constant gradient between dialysis fluid and plasma conductivity/concentration to be maintained during treatment to achieve the conductivity/concentration target in the patient plasma at the end of the session.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for an extracorporeal blood treatment having an extracorporeal blood circuit in which a dialyzer is arranged and having a dialyzate circuit, wherein the blood circuit is in fluid communication with a first chamber and the dialyzate circuit is in fluid communication with a second chamber of the dialyzer, and wherein the two chambers are separated from one another by a semipermeable membrane, with a dialyzate pump for a conveying of the dialysis solution being present in the dialyzate circuit, wherein the apparatus has a control unit that is configured to operate the apparatus in a first phase and in a second phase following the first phase, wherein the dialyzate pump is operated with a smaller flow rate in the first phase than in the second phase and/or wherein the dialyzate pump conveys a dialysis solution in the first phase that is of a higher concentration with respect to at least one component than in the second phase.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for preparing a dialysis solution, wherein the apparatus has a dialyzate line for conducting a dialysis solution and has means that are configured to discontinuously convey a dialysis solution in the dialyzate line, wherein the apparatus has a conductivity sensor that is arranged to measure the conductivity of the dialysis solution, and wherein the apparatus has a concentrate line opening into the dialyzate line upstream of the conductivity sensor at an addition point and having a concentrate pump and has a concentrate container from which the concentrate pump conveys concentrate into the concentrate line and from this into the dialyzate line, characterized in that the apparatus has a controller that is connected to the conductivity sensor and to the concentrate pump and that is configured to control the concentrate pump such that the conductivity fluctuations over time in the dialysis solution downstream of the addition point are reduced with respect to a continuous concentrate conveying.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysis fluid circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit (12) is configured for determining or receiving a proposed value (Cond.sub.prop) of a conductivity for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line (8) and to determine a set value (Cond.sub.set) for the conductivity in the dialysis fluid as a function of the proposed value (Cond.sub.prop) and as a function of at least one of a second parameter (UF volume/W; WL/W) indicative of a patient fluid overload and a third parameter (g.sub.conc) chosen in the group including: a glucose concentration in the patient and a concentration-related parameter of at least glucose in the patient.