The specification discloses a portable dialysis machine having a detachable controller unit and base unit. The controller unit includes a door having an interior face, a housing with a panel, where the housing and panel define a recessed region configured to receive the interior face of the door, and a manifold receiver fixedly attached to the panel. The manifold includes diaphragms adapted to minimize the dead space between the dialysis machine pins and improve responsivity. The base unit has a planar surface for receiving a container of fluid, a scale integrated with the planar surface and a heater in thermal communication with the container. Embodiments of the disclosed portable dialysis system have improved structural and functional features, including improved modularity, ease of use, and safety features.

An apparatus and process for extracorporeal treatment of blood comprising a treatment unit, a blood withdrawal line, a blood return line, a preparation line and a spent dialysate line. A control unit is configured to calculate values of a parameter relating to treatment effectiveness based on measures of lactate or citrate or acetate concentration in the spent dialysate line.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32); a control unit (12) is configured for calculating a sodium concentration value for the blood; the estimation of the sodium concentration includes the sub-step of calculating the sodium concentration value as an algebraic sum of a main contribution term based on the isoconductive sodium concentrate and of an offset contribution term based on a concentration of at least a substance in the dialysis fluid chosen in the group including bicarbonate, potassium, acetate, lactate, citrate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate and phosphate.

An extracellular fluid volume calculator may include: a first acquirement unit configured to acquire a pre-hemodialysis plasma uric acid concentration, a post-hemodialysis plasma uric acid concentration, a removal amount of uric acid by hemodialysis, and a removal volume of water during hemodialysis; and a first processor configured to calculate an extracellular fluid volume based on a difference between a pre-hemodialysis amount of uric acid and a post-hemodialysis amount of uric acid, the difference being determined based on the pre-hemodialysis plasma uric acid concentration, the post-hemodialysis plasma uric acid concentration, the removal amount of uric acid, and the removal volume of water acquired by the first acquirement unit.

Method and apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient being overhydrated due to congestive heart failure, comprising a cassette having four inlets/outlets. A patient tube is connected to a patient connector, intended to be connected to a patient line for access to a peritoneal cavity of the patient. The patient tube comprises a flow pump for addition and removal of a peritoneal fluid between the cassette and the peritoneal cavity. The fluid is introduced into an intermittent bag controlled by an intermittent valve and then returned the same way back to the peritoneal cavity. Glucose is metered into the fluid entering the peritoneal cavity by means of a glucose pump. Glucose is replenished continuously or intermittently for keeping a concentration of the osmotic agent substantially constant in the peritoneal cavity. After treatment, the peritoneal fluid is drained to a drain bag, wherein the drain tube comprises a drain valve and an albumin filter.

A control device for a blood treatment machine performs a connection test (50) by causing the blood treatment machine to switch (51, 53) between a first and a second operating state by reversing a blood pump so as to change a flow direction of blood through both a dialyzer and access devices connected to a patient. Based on an output signal of at least one sensor in the blood treatment machine (52, 54), the control device computes (55) an efficiency change parameter that represents a change in in-vivo clearance of the blood treatment machine during the switch of the blood treatment machine between the first and second operating states. The control device evaluates (56) the efficiency change parameter to jointly detect connection errors at the dialyzer, resulting in co-current flow of treatment fluid and blood through the dialyzer, and at the access devices, resulting in access recirculation of blood.

An apparatus and process for extracorporeal treatment of blood (1) comprising a treatment unit (2), a blood withdrawal line (6), a blood return line (7), a preparation line (19) and a spent dialysate line (13). A control unit (10) is configured to calculate values of a parameter relating to treatment effectiveness based on measures of lactate or citrate or acetate concentration in the spent dialysate line (13).

In a multi-sensor device for a medical apparatus at least one first sensor unit and at least one second sensor unit are arranged at a fluid-guiding line connection along which the sensor units detect at least one variable from a flowing fluid in predetermined proximity to each other in such manner that predetermined signal portions occur and are detectable practically simultaneously in outputs of each of the first and second sensor units. In a method for defining a proximity in said multi-sensor device, positions of the individual sensors are varied in the multi-sensor device and the occurrence of predetermined signal portions is detected in at least two signals detected by the individual sensors, and those positions at which the predetermined signal portions occur practically simultaneously are defined as positions of the proximity.

A hemodialysis machine comprising a fluid pathway for delivering a dialysate solution, wherein the fluid pathway comprises a pre-dialysis pathway and a post-dialysis pathway, a dialyser for dialysing patient's blood using the dialysate solution, the dialyser connected between the pre-dialysis pathway and the post-dialysis pathway, a first sensor system configured to sense a characteristic of the dialysate solution at a first location on the pre-dialysis pathway, a second sensor system configured to sense a characteristic of the dialysate solution at a second location on the post-dialysis pathway, and a control system configured to make a comparative analysis of the measurements taken by the first sensor and the second sensor for monitoring the composition of the dialysate solution.

The invention relates to systems and methods for optimizing a peritoneal dialysate prescription based on one or more fluid characteristics sensed from a filtrate removed from a patient. The systems and methods include sensors, flow paths, and processors to adjust a peritoneal dialysate prescription and deliver peritoneal dialysis therapy to a patient based on the adjusted prescription. The method can include the steps of removing fluid from a peritoneal cavity of a patient; sampling one or more characteristics of the removed fluid; and adjusting a peritoneal dialysate prescription based on the one or more characteristics of the removed fluid. The system can include a peritoneal dialysate effluent line; at least one concentrate source fluidly connectable to the peritoneal dialysate flow path; and at least one sensor positioned in the peritoneal dialysate effluent line.