The present disclosure is in the field of sleep and respiratory care. In particular, the present disclosure provides means and methods for decreasing the respiratory effort of a sleeping subject. The present disclosure also provides means and methods for treating the snoring of a sleeping subject.

An electrode pad is an electrode pad for low-frequency therapy used in contact with a living body. The electrode pad includes a conductive material having moisture permeability and liquid permeability and a fast-drying member having insulating properties provided on a first face. The conductive material includes a first face facing the side opposite to the side where the body surface of a user is located in a contact state for the electrode pad to be in contact with the living body, and a second face facing the body surface of the user in the contact state.

A WCD system is configured to detect when a therapy administered to a patient by the WCD system is unsuccessful, and in response determine whether to send notifications to remote non-witness responders. The WCD system may be configured to decide to send such notifications after the WCD system determines it has administered a predetermined number of unsuccessful shocks to the patient. The predetermined number of unsuccessful shocks may be the maximum number of unsuccessful shocks the WCD system will administer to a patient, or every Xth shock (e.g., 3.sup.rd shock). The WCD system can be configured to periodically resend the notification. The notifications may be in the form of SMS, voice messages, emails, app notifications, etc. sent to cell phones, smartphones, computers, laptops, tablets, etc. of the responders either directly, via a server, or via a CAD-coupled server.

A medical device that includes a power source, a therapy delivery interface, therapy electrodes, electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing electrodes to sense ECG signal of a heart of a patient, a sensor interface to receive and digitize the ECG signal, and a processor. The processor is configured to analyze the ECG signal to determine a cardiac rhythm and a transform value representing a magnitude of a frequency component of the cardiac rhythm, analyze the cardiac rhythm and the transform value to detect a shockable cardiac arrhythmia by classifying the cardiac rhythm as a noise rhythm or a shockable cardiac arrhythmia rhythm based on the transform value, and causing the processor to detect the cardiac arrhythmia if classifying the cardiac rhythm as a shockable cardiac arrhythmia rhythm, initiate a treatment alarm sequence, adjust the shock delivery parameter for a defibrillation shock, and provide the defibrillation shock via the therapy electrodes.

This invention addresses the need for efficient dry skin electrodes. Robust, flexible Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor (MIEC) electrodes were prepared by an aqueous solution route resulting in electrically conductive networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ionically conductive elastic matrix. The flexible electrode was characterized in terms of conductivity, ionic charge transfer resistance, and water uptake. The flexible electrode maintained low resistance even after multiple cycles of 50% extension and contraction.

A topical nerve activation patch includes electronic circuitry embedded in the patch and electronic circuitry configured to generate an output voltage applied to electrodes. The patch further includes a controller configured to generate a treatment comprising a plurality of activation pulses that form the output voltage, the controller comprising a first real time clock and an oscillator, the treatment comprising electrical stimuli applied to the user via the electrodes. The patch further includes a charge measurement circuit configured to measure an amount of charge applied to the user from the electrical stimuli and a communication link configured to communicate with a remote activation device, the remote activation device comprising a second real time clock. The controller is configured to generate the activation pulses by measuring time intervals using the oscillator and using the second real time clock and the measured time intervals to determine activation times for the activation pulses.

A wearable external defibrillator with a plurality of ECG sensing electrodes and a first defibrillator pad electrode and a second defibrillator pad electrode. The ECG sensing electrodes and the defibrillator pad electrodes are configured for long term wear.

Methods and systems for improving nerve stimulation are disclosed which relate to shaping characteristics of the stimulation field such as by using different geometries and locations of stimulation. In embodiments, systems and methods are provided to improve selective modulation of specific targeted neural substrate, while minimizing the activation of adjacent non-targeted nervous tissue. While aspects of the disclosed technologies can be applied to any part of the central and peripheral nervous systems for treatment various disorders and providing symptom relief to provide for therapy related to pelvic floor disorders such as overactive bladder

In a system for electrical stimulation of nerves of a living being a pulse generator is configured to provide a sequence of electrical and/or vibration pulses to at least one electrode and/or vibration generator that are maintained in close proximity to the nerve of interest with the use of means for securing the electrode to the skin or tissue of the living being.

A material formed of a substrate material and particles of an oxidizable metal disbursed in a desired pattern are provided. The particles are dispersed within the substrate during formation of the substrate and exposed at least in part on the surface of the substrate to form an iontophoretic battery when contacted with the skin of a user.