A chemical etch is performed on a sheet of material. An electrochemical etch is performed on the sheet of material after the chemical etch is performed on the sheet of material. A capacitor is fabricated such that an electrode included in the capacitor includes material from the sheet of material after the electrochemical etch was performed on the sheet of material. In some instances, the chemical etch included at least partially immersing the sheet of material in an etch bath that includes molybdenum. Additionally or alternately, the chemical etch can be performed for a period of time less than 60 s.

Disclosed herein is a resuscitation device, comprising an electric pulse generator configured to generate an electric pulse that is administered to a subject, electrodes operative to administer the electric pulse to the subject, at least one sensor configured to measure vital signs of the subject, at least one processing unit configured to monitor the vital signs measured by the at least one sensor, determine the housing and electrodes are properly placed on the subject according to the monitoring of the vital signs, determine what treatment has to be administered to the subject, generate notification instructing the treatment to be administered to the subject, and providing real-time, continuous feedback of treatment provided and condition of the subject.

An extra-cardiovascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) having a high voltage therapy module is configured to control a high voltage charging circuit to charge a capacitor to a pacing voltage amplitude to deliver charge balanced pacing pulses. The capacitor is chargeable to a shock voltage amplitude that is greater than the pacing voltage amplitude. The ICD is configured to enable switching circuitry of the high voltage therapy module to discharge the capacitor to deliver a first pulse having a first polarity and a leading voltage amplitude corresponding to the pacing voltage amplitude for pacing the patient's heart via a pacing electrode vector selected from extra-cardiovascular electrodes. The high voltage therapy module delivers a second pulse after the first pulse. The second pulse has a second polarity opposite the first polarity and balances the electrical charge delivered during the first pulse.

An external defibrillator comprising: a unit for providing electrical stimulation of a patient; a battery module that includes: a battery housing; a plurality of battery banks within the housing, each of the battery banks being electrically isolated from each of the other battery banks within the housing and having a total lithium content of less than an amount requiring special handling procedures during transportation and storage; and a plurality of pairs of electrical contacts external to the housing, each of the pairs of electrical contacts being configured to provide an electrical connection to an associated battery bank; and a connector unit external to the battery housing that includes: a plurality of pairs of electrical contacts configured to mate with the plurality of pairs of electrical contacts of the battery module; and circuitry electrically connecting the plurality of pairs of electrical contacts of the connector unit to provide a single voltage output to the unit for providing electrical stimulation.

Provided are a defibrillation catheter system, a defibrillation power supply device, and a method for controlling the device during observation of intracardiac potential and defibrillation. A defibrillation catheter system 1 includes a catheter 20; a power supply part 6 connected to the catheter 20; an electrocardiograph 40 measuring an intracardiac potential; a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 provided on the catheter; and a changeover part 7 connected to the power supply part 6, the changeover part 7 switching between a first mode for measuring the intracardiac potential and a second mode for applying the voltage while the intracardiac potential is measured, wherein the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are connected to the power supply part 6 through the changeover part 7, and the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are connected to the electrocardiograph 40.

In embodiments, an external defibrillator has an electrical circuit with a special output stage for the high-voltage defibrillation pulse. The output stage includes switches that can turn on for delivering the pulse, and off during all other times. The output stage also includes a diverting resistance to divert electrical current that could leak into the patient while a capacitor is being charged. An optional detector may notify if a component is malfunctioning. An advantage can be that an external defibrillator may be created according to embodiments that uses, in its output stage, semiconductor switches instead of relays. As semiconductor switches weigh less and occupy less volume than relays, an external defibrillator according to embodiments may have less weight and volume. Especially in wearable defibrillator applications, less weight means less effort to carry and less volume means easier concealment under clothing.

An external defibrillator system is provided. The system includes: a graphical display; one or more sensors for obtaining data regarding chest compressions performed on a patient; and a controller configured to display on the graphical display numeric values for depth and/or rate of the chest compressions based upon the data from the one or more sensors. A method for using an external defibrillator including the steps of: obtaining data regarding chest compressions performed on a patient; and displaying on a graphical display screen of the defibrillator numeric values for depth and/or rate of the chest compressions based upon the data is also provided.

An implantable medical device for generating electrical stimulations, wherein the medical device is embodied to generate and emit, during a first stimulation phase, at least one first stimulation that has a first amplitude by means of energy from an energy storage element, and wherein the medical device is embodied, during a second stimulation phase following the first stimulation phase, to generate and emit at least one second stimulation that has a second amplitude by means of energy from the energy storage element, wherein the energy storage element is charged at least prior to the generation of the at least one first stimulation and after the generation of the at least one first stimulation, and wherein the medical device is embodied not to completely discharge the energy storage element by generating the at least one first stimulation. The invention furthermore relates to a method for controlling such a device.

A system and method to deliver a therapeutic quantity of energy to a patient. The system includes a capacitor having a rated energy storage capacity substantially equal to the therapeutic quantity of energy, a boost converter coupled with the capacitor and constructed to release energy from the capacitor at a substantially constant current for a time interval, and an H-bridge circuit coupled with the boost converter and constructed to apply the substantially constant current in a biphasic voltage waveform to the patient. The method includes storing a quantity of energy substantially equal to the therapeutic quantity of energy in a capacitor, releasing the quantity of energy at a relatively constant current during a time interval using a boost converter coupled with the capacitor, and delivering a portion of the quantity energy in a direction to the patient using an H-bridge circuit coupled with the boost converter.

An implantable medical device includes a low-power circuit, a high-power circuit, and a dual-cell power source. The power source is coupled to a dual-transformer such that each cell is connected to only one of the transformers. Each transformer includes multiple windings and each of the windings is coupled to a capacitor, and the capacitors are all connected in a series configuration. The low power circuit is coupled to the power source and issues a control signal to control the delivery of charge from the power source to the plurality of capacitors through the first and second transformers.