Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

A first light source emits near-infrared radiation with a wavelength near 810 nm, which is excitation radiation for exciting indocyanine green, a second light source emits a violet light with a wavelength of 410 nm that is excitation radiation for exciting PpIX, and a third light source emits white light. An imaging portion comprises a first imaging element able to capture visible light, a second imaging element able to capture red light that is emitted by the PpIX, and a third imaging element able to capture near-infrared light emitted by the indocyanine green.

Activity-based probe compounds for use in labeling a cysteine protease are provided. The compounds are targeted to the protease through a specific targeting element. The compounds additionally include a detectable element, such as a fluorescent label, a radiolabel, or a chelator. In some cases, the compounds additionally include a quenching element that is released upon reaction with the protease. Also provided are compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds, for example in labeling a protease in an animal and in visualizing a tumor in an animal.

The control unit includes, as a mechanical configuration, an image processing unit and a recording control unit. The image processing unit includes a combining unit that combines the fluorescence image acquired by the illuminating/photographing unit and the visible light image, a condition designation unit that designates an analysis condition and the like of an image analysis by an analyzing unit to be described later, and an analyzing unit that performs an analysis under the analysis condition designated by the condition designation unit. The storage unit includes an image storage unit including a reproduction moving image storage unit that stores a combined moving image obtained by combining the fluorescence image and the visible light image by the combining unit in the image processing unit as an irreversibly-compressed moving image file and an analysis moving image storage unit that stores a fluorescence moving image and a visible light moving image.

The present invention aims at providing a novel indocyanine compound solving problems of conventionally used indocyanine green, such as solubility in water or physiological saline, a synthesis method and a purification method thereof, and a diagnostic composition including the novel indocyanine compound. Further, provided are a method for evaluating biokinetics of the novel indocyanine compound and a device for measuring biokinetics, and a method and a device for visualizing circulation of fluid such as blood in a living body, which utilize the diagnostic composition. Also, found are a novel indocyanine compound in which a hydrophobic moiety in a near-infrared fluorescent indocyanine molecule is included in a cavity of a cyclic sugar chain cyclodextrin to cover the hydrophobic moiety in the indocyanine molecule with the glucose, and a synthesis method and a purification method thereof. Furthermore, found are a method for fluorescence-imaging an organ other than liver by intravenous administration, a method for evaluating biokinetics of the novel indocyanine compound, a device for measuring biokinetics, and a method and a device for visualizing circulation of fluid such as blood in a living body, utilizing the diagnostic composition including the novel indocyanine compound.

The invention provides a multimodal ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast agent based on polymeric microparticles having a gas core and carrying at least one photoacoustic agent in its shell that stabilizes the gas core, for use in ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Such multimodal ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast agent is also suitable as a carrier of drugs and for use in photodynamic therapy, and for tissue imaging ex vivo.

The potential use of a PMMA encapsulated near-infrared fluorescent dye includes endoscopic tattooing of intestinal neoplasms, location visualization of non-palpable breast lesions, and, but not limited to, location/visualization of soft tissue lesions in difficult anatomic regions. Commercially available fluorescent imaging systems, both open and laparoscopic, would be used in conjunction to fluoresce these marked tissues, augmenting the surgeon's ability to intraoperatively locate the correct lesion to resect.

This invention relates to, in part, methods and compositions that are useful for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a blinding eye disease, including in the discovery of drugs that are efficacious against these diseases. Diseases include, for example, age related macular degeneration and reticular pseudodrusen disease, and the methods described herein include, for example, the method named delayed near infrared analysis (DNIRA).

A composition, containing 10 to 70% of indocyanine green, 0.1 to 15% of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or one or more salts thereof, 1 to 20% of histidine, and 20 to 80% of sodium chloride. The percentages are expressed by weight relative to a total weight of the indocyanine green, EDTA, histidine, and sodium chloride.

A composition, containing indocyanine green (a), and histidine (b). A weight ratio of histidine (b)/indocyanine green (a) is greater than 0.05. A kit for preparing the composition, containing in separate compartments the indocyanine green (a), and an aqueous solution including the histidine (b). The composition is a medicament or a diagnostic agent.