A method of detecting injury to the brain such as stroke, concussion and cognitive dysfunction using a contrast agent and light source. The blood ocular barrier is disrupted when said injury occurs, allowing the entry of contrast agent into the aqueous and vitreous humor. An exemplary method comprises injecting a contrast agent into a peripheral location and then testing for leakage of contrast agent into the eye cavity by observing for light reflection, when a beam of light incidents on the contrast agent in the eye.

Provided in the present invention are highly stable D-configuration polypeptides DVAP and SVAP having a high binding activity to the GRP78 protein, and also provided are an L-configuration polypeptide LVAP and a DVAP-or SVAP-modified model drug and a macromolecule carrier material, and the use thereof in the construction of a tumour image and a drug-delivery system for targeted treatment.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to methods and compositions useful for in vivo and/or in vitro enzyme profiling. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of in vivo enzymatic processing of exogenous molecules followed by detection of signature molecules as representative of the presence of active enzymes associated with diseases or conditions. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides compositions and in vitro methods for localization of enzymatic activity in a tissue sample.

Aspects of the invention described herein relate to synthetic compounds that are useful for targeting and labeling tumor cells so as to facilitate recognition by binding agents including Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T cells), which are administered to a subject by intravenous or locoregional administration. Several compositions and methods of making and using these compositions to treat or inhibit a disease in a subject are contemplated.

Described is a versatile surface modification approach to, for example, modularly and orthogonally functionalize nanoparticles (NPs) such as, for example, PEGylated nanoparticles, ith various types of different functional ligands (functional groups) on the NP surface. It enables the synthesis of, for example, penta-functional PEGylated nanoparticles integrating a variety of properties into a single NP, e.g., fluorescence detection, specific cell targeting, radioisotope chelating/labeling, ratiometric pH sensing, and drug delivery, while the overall NP size remains, for example, below 10 nm.

Provided herein are cell penetrating peptides optionally including a cargo moiety linked thereto.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

A method for specific linkage to a glycoprotein includes obtaining a glycoprotein having a monoglycan or diglycan attached thereto; producing a reactive functional group on a sugar unit on the glycoprotein; and coupling a linker or a payload to the reactive functional group on the glycoprotein.

To provide a peptide, etc., capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to a human transferrin receptor (hTfR). A peptide, etc., having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (Ala-Val-Phe-Val-Trp-Asn-Tyr-Tyr-Ile-Ile-Ser-Cys) or an amino acid sequence having substitutions, deletions, additions, and/or insertions of 1 to 10 amino acid residues (inclusive) in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for injecting compounds into a vitreous body. Carbon nanotubes can be functionalized with a variety of agents, such as therapeutic agents and/or diagnostic agents, which can be injected into a vitreous body for treatment or detection of ocular tumors such as retinoblastoma. The carbon nanotubes can effectively penetrate the ocular tumor, making them effective carriers for the therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents.