Spinal stabilization implant assemblies, as well as systems, instruments and methods are provided for implanting and stabilizing adjacent vertebra in connection with a surgical procedure, particularly a spinal surgery. The implant assemblies and instruments enable controlled spinal rod insertion and reduction, and controlled rotation or de-rotation of adjacent spinal bones for optimized compression to achieve enhanced sagittal balance in a treated spine.

A method of mounting a spinal rod extension includes accessing at least a portion of an existing spinal rod. The method also includes removing a locking cap from an existing pedicle screw that secures the existing spinal rod. The method also includes placing a connector portion of the spinal rod extension through a screw head of the existing pedicle screw. The method further includes using a connector to secure the connector portion to the existing spinal rod.

A polyaxial bone screw assembly includes a threaded shank body having an integral upper portion receivable in an integral receiver, the receiver having an upper channel for receiving a longitudinal connecting member and a lower cavity cooperating with a lower opening. A down-loadable compression insert with tool receiving arm extensions, a down-loadable friction fit split retaining ring and an uploadable shank upper portion cooperate to provide for pop- or snap-on assembly of the shank with the receiver either prior to or after implantation of the shank into a vertebra. The shank and receiver once assembled cannot be disassembled.

A spinal stabilization system including an insert positionable in the channel of the housing of a vertebral anchor, and an associated support construct including a spacer and at least one cord extending through the insert. In some instances the construct includes first and second cords extending through first and second bores of the insert. A clamping member clamps the cord(s) in the insert. In some instances the clamping member includes first and second tabs movable in channels in first and second flanges of the insert.

The invention discloses a screw-rod instrument specially used for posterior atlantoaxial vertebrae fixation, comprising two pulling-screws (2), two supporting-screws (1), two variable cross section fixing rods (3), two lock nuts (4) and a bracing beam (5). Each of the variable cross section fixing rods (3) is configured to connect a supporting-screw (1) and a pulling-screw (2), the bracing beam (5) is configured to connect both of the variable cross section fixing rods (3); wherein each of the supporting-screws (1) comprises a first tail (11) and a first head (12), and each of the pulling-screws (2) comprises a second tail (21) and a second head (22); both the first tail (11) and the second tail (21) are provided with nail grooves, with U-shaped grooves on the sides; wherein each of the nail grooves is provided with internal thread inside, and the lock nut (4) is connected with the nail groove; each of the variable cross section fixing rods (3) passes through the U-shaped grooves and is fastened by the lock nut (4); the bottoms of the nail grooves of the supporting-screws (1) are 2-6 mm higher than the bottoms of the nail grooves of the pulling-screws (2). The aforementioned screw-rod instrument not only increases the safety and convenience of a surgery, but also improves the function of spondylolisthesis reduction of the screw-rod system through raising the bottoms of the nail grooves 2-6 mm higher.

A spinal implant configured to connect to a vertebra. The spinal implant comprises a ball and socket joint allowing poly-axial movement. The ball and socket joint includes a socket having a multiple radius tear drop geometry with a larger radius and a smaller radius, so that the ball can move freely within the larger radius of the socket until it is seated into the smaller radius of the socket upon locking of the ball and socket joint.

A dynamic spinal stabilization apparatus may be implanted and secured to at least two vertebrae. The spinal stabilization apparatus may promote and enforce a relatively natural motion of spine flexion of one or more regions of the spine. In one embodiment, the spinal stabilization apparatus may be secured to a plurality of vertebrae and biasing the entire spine to a fully normal curvature. The spinal stabilization apparatus may dynamically stabilize the spine while preserving spinal motion. In other embodiments, the spinal stabilization apparatus may be utilized for spine fusion treatments and may provide load sharing either as an enhancement to a fusion device or as a motion-preserving non-fusion apparatus.

A system of devices and methods for use by which one or more target motion segments of the cervical spine are stabilized without any violation of the cortical bone of the target vertebrae. The devices are brought against strategic aspects of these vertebrae, thus permitting the disclosed inventions to achieve secure control of each vertebra. Connecting elements then stabilize the constructs. Preferred and alternative embodiments of the invention are disclosed, along with methods of implantation, and adjunct devices used in the implantation of the disclosed invention.

Scoliosis can be treated by systems for anterior vertebral body tethering described herein. In some embodiments, installation tools of a system for anterior vertebral body tethering can be used to sequentially tension segments of a tether between adjacent vertebral screws in a controllable and user-friendly manner.

A spinal stabilization system generally comprises first and second anchor members configured to be secured to first and second vertebrae within a patient's body, a flexible element secured to the first anchor member, and a rigid element secured to the second anchor member. An end portion of the rigid element is coupled to an end portion of the flexible so that the system is able to provide both rigid and dynamic stabilization. The coupling is maintained even if the flexible element relaxes after a period of time within the patient's body.