This application describes surgical instruments and implants for building a posterior fixation construct across one or more segments of the spinal column. More specifically, the application describes instruments and methods for building a posterior fixation construct across one or more segments of the spinal column in a minimally invasive fashion.

A system for coupling a rod to bone includes first and second bone anchors that are different from one another and a coupling device including a receiving part with a central axis and a head receiving portion for interchangeably receiving a head of either the first or second bone anchors, and a pressure member configured to exert pressure on the head of either the first or second bone anchors when the head is in the receiving part to clamp the inserted head at a particular position relative to the receiving part. The coupling device includes a restraining surface configured to cooperate with the first bone anchor to restrict pivoting of the first bone anchor to a single plane. The coupling device is configured to cooperate with the second bone anchor to restrict pivoting of the second bone anchor differently than the restricted pivoting of the first bone anchor.

A real-time simulation-based rod insertion navigation system includes a camera, a plurality of pedicle screws inserted into pedicles, a first marker attached to an upper portion of each of the plurality of pedicle screws, a rod insertion device equipped with a rod inserted into a side of heads of the plurality of pedicle screws, a second marker attached to the rod insertion device, and a control unit configured to, when the rod is inserted into the heads of the pedicle screws, determine a position and angle change of the pedicle screws and the rod insertion device equipped with the rod using an image captured by the camera of the first marker and the second marker, and display a real-time simulation image by synthesizing an image reflecting the position and angle changes of the pedicle screws and the rod insertion device equipped with the rod.

A bone screw fixing rod and manipulation structure thereof is provided, which includes a bone screw fixing rod, a fixing member, a moving member and a gripping part. The fixing member has a first front end and a first distal end opposite to each other, the first front end is provided with a groove for accommodating and fixing the bone screw fixing rod. The moving member has a second front end and a second distal end opposite to each other, the second front end is provided with a notch for limiting and moving the bone screw fixing rod, and the second distal end is provided with a first thread. The gripping part has an accommodating space and a rotating part, the accommodating space is used for accommodating the first distal end of the fixing member and the second distal end of the moving member, and a side wall of the accommodating space is provided with a second thread engaged with the first thread. Wherein the rotating part is connected with the second distal end.