A heated enclosure for optimized sublimation of solid-phase semiconductor process materials and subsequent delivery of the resultant vapor. The enclosure has a hollow housing which is insulated to retain heat within the enclosure. The enclosure further has at least two independent heated zones with independent temperature controls and dedicated overtemperature protection defining an upper heated zone and a lower heated zone and being located in the housing. The lower heated zone is configured to accept a container storing a solid-phase semiconductor process material. The enclosure still further has a removable and height-adjustable divider plate being made of an insulation material, separating the upper heated zone and the lower heated zone, and minimizing heat transfer between the upper heated zone and the lower heated zone.

A gravity power and desalination technology system is provided, including a heat storage apparatus, an inner tube portion, a hot-air and vapor generator, and venting holes, a corrugated tube portion, an outer tube portion, an updraft wind power generator, and an artificial hydro power generator. The heat storage apparatus is provided in a lower portion and configured. The inner tube portion has an inner vent portion inside and disposed vertically over the heat storage apparatus. The hot-air and vapor generator is disposed between the heat storage apparatus and the inner tube portion. The venting holes are bored through the inner tube portion obliquely outwards. The corrugated tube portion is provided on a top portion of the outer tube portion. The updraft wind power generator and the artificial hydro power generator are installed in the lower portions of the inner vent portion and the outer vent portion, respectively.

A method for separating catalyst particles from the FCC slurry oil present in the retentate of a filtered FCC slurry oil run-down stream is disclosed. The method comprises backwashing the run-down stream filter with a low boiling point solvent to extract slurry oil from the catalyst in the retentate. The backwash solution is sent to a digester where the catalyst fines are separated from the hydrocarbon component (solvent and slurry oil). The catalyst fines are collected and dried. The dried catalyst fines can be transported via pneumatic systems, and can be regenerated for further use as FCC catalysts. The solvent vapor from the drying process is collected for potential reuse. The hydrocarbon component is sent from the digester to an evaporator to evaporate the solvent from the slurry oil. The FCC slurry oil and the solvent exiting the evaporator can be independently collected. The solvent from the evaporator can be reused in the process.

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for heat transfer systems at temperatures in the range of 20 C to 800 C. The systems consist of heat pipes configured such that they fit inside conventional heat exchangers, and more effectively transfer or recover heat from hot fluids, and that operate without user intervention over long periods of time.

A gas capture system includes a first heat exchanger that exchanges heat between cold heat of a fuel that is vaporizing and a first gas mixture to cool the first gas mixture, a first dehumidifier that dehumidifies the first gas mixture cooled through the first heat exchanger, a first compressor that presses the first gas mixture passing through the first dehumidifier, a first separation device that separates a second gas mixture including a reference gas from the pressed first gas mixture, and a liquefier that liquefies the reference gas to generate a reference liquid.