A water purification system utilizes an ionomer membrane and mild vacuum to draw water from source water through the membrane. A water source may be salt water or a contaminated water source. The water drawn through the membrane passes across the condenser chamber to a condenser surface where it is condensed into purified water. The condenser surface may be metal or any other suitable surface and may be flat or pleated. In addition, the condenser surface may be maintained at a lower temperature than the water on the water source side of the membrane. The ionomer membrane may be configured in a cartridge, a pleated or flat plate configuration. A latent heat loop may be configured to carry the latent heat of vaporization from the condenser back to the water source side of the ionomer membrane. The source water may be heated by a solar water heater.

A method for recycling production salt water comprises receiving production salt water from an oil well. The production salt water is separated into separate streams of salt water and oil. The salt water is pre-heated to a temperature no less than 2 degrees Fahrenheit below the boiling point of the salt water. The pre-heated salt water is transferred to a separation tank, and the heated salt water is separated in the separation tank into steam and salt by boiling water.

A heat and mass transfer system configured to be a passive system using gravitational force to form a thin liquid film flow on an outer surface of a flow distribution head and downstream conduit member to subject the thin liquid film to heat transfer mediums. The at least partially spherical flow distribution head creates a uniform thin flow of liquid on the outer surface increasing the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer system. The heat and mass transfer system may include a heat transfer medium supply system in fluid communication with internal aspects of the downstream conduit such that a heat transfer medium flows within the downstream conduit while the liquid film flows on the outer surface of the downstream conduit. Rather than conventional sheet flow on inner surfaces of a conduit, the flow distribution head enables sheet flow to be formed on an outside surface of a component.

Examples relates to a distillation system for concentrating a feed liquid, the system including a condensation unit and an adjacent evaporation unit, each unit being provided by a frame element assembled together to form a stack of frame elements, wherein the condensation unit includes a first steam space and a condensation wall at least partly bordering the first steam space, and a second steam space, wherein a feeding area between the condensation unit and the evaporation unit, the feeding area being bordered by the condensation wall, the system being configured such that the condensation wall is heated by a first steam in the first steam space, the feed liquid flows on the condensation wall in the feeding area, a second steam arising from the feed liquid moves into the second steam space, wherein the feeding area is open towards the second steam space.

A process for treating a fluid includes: a step of introducing fluid to treat into a chamber of a dryer, a step of drying the fluid in the chamber including a first phase during which a weight of the chamber reduces and when the weight of the chamber reaches a lower threshold or a rate of variation of the weight of the chamber is less than a first predefined value, the drying step includes a step of complementary filling of the chamber until the weight of the chamber reaches an upper threshold and a second phase during which the weight of the chamber decreases and when the rate of variation of the weight is less than a second predefined value, the process includes a step of extracting a solid residue in powder form. The invention also concerns an installation for implementing the process.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for cleaning brine solution are provided. In particular, one or more embodiments comprise a brine cleaning system that includes a brine cooker, a brine filter, and a brine storage unit. The brine cooker heats a dirty brine solution to separate the dirty brine solution into a liquid portion and a solids portion. The brine filter is coupled to the brine cooker to receive the liquid portion and the solids portion from the brine cooker and then substantially remove the solids portion. The brine storage unit is coupled to the brine filter to accumulate the liquid portion once the solids portion have been substantially removed by the brine filter. This allows for more efficient and environmentally friendly use of brine solution in the curing of animal.

A vapor distributor for use in an internal region of a mass transfer column to receive and redistribute a vapor stream when it is introduced radially into the internal region through a radial inlet in a shell of the mass transfer column. The vapor distributor includes a plurality of multiple-sided elongated deflectors arranged in a descending array and a pair of braces that extend longitudinally across the array of elongated deflectors and hold them in spaced apart and side-by-side relationship to each other. Each of the elongated deflectors has a deflecting surface that faces toward the radial inlet to redirect and redistribute the radially-introduced vapor stream. The braces each include a strut that may also redirect and redistribute the vapor stream.

An in-line blending process for polymers comprising: (a) providing two or more reactor-low pressure separator units (1,7) in parallel configuration, each reactor-low pressure separator unit comprising one reactor (2,8) fluidly connected to one low pressure separator (3,9) downstream and further a recycling line (5,11) connecting the low pressure separator (3,9) back to the corresponding reactor (2,8); (b) polymerizing olefm monomers having two or more carbon atoms in each of the reactors (2,8) in soltion polymerisation; (c) forming an unreduced reactor effluents stream including a homogenous fluid phase polymer-monomer-solvent mixture in each of the reactors (2,8), (d) passing the unreduced reactor effluents streams from each of the reactors (2,8) through the corresponding low pressure separators (3,9), whereby the temperature and pressure of the low pressure separators (3,9) is adjusted such that a liquid phase and a vapour phase are obtained, whereby yielding a polymer-enriched liquid phase and a polymer-lean vapour phase, and (e) separating the polymer-lean vapour phase from the polymer-enriched liquid phase in each of the low-pressure separators (3,9) to form separated polymer-lean vapour streams and separated polymer-enriched liquid streams; (f) combining the polymer-enriched liquid streams from step (e) in a further low-pressure separator and/or a mixer (13) to produce a combined polymer-enriched liquid stream (16); (g) reintroducing the polymer-lean vapour streams from step (e) via recycling lines (5,11) into the corresponding reactors (2,8).

Provided is a high efficient desulfurization-regeneration system using a suspension bed, comprising a suspension bed reactor, a gas liquid separation tank, a flash evaporation tank and an oxidation regeneration tank that are connected in sequence, and a fixed bed reactor connected to the exhaust port of the gas liquid separation tank. The system adopts suspension bed to reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm.sup.3 to 50 ppm or less, and further reduce the sulfur content to less than 10 ppm in conjunction with a fixed bed. High efficient desulfurization is achieved by combining the crude desulfurization of the suspension bed with fine desulfurization of the fixed bed connected in series. The spent desulfurizer can be regenerated by reacting an oxygen-containing gas with the rich solution, and the barren solution obtained by the regeneration may be recycled for being used as the desulfurization slurry, without generating secondary pollution. Therefore, the system is simple and reasonable, with high desulfurization and regeneration efficiency, simple equipment, little occupation of land and low investment, which is very suitable for industrial promotion.

A Salinity Gradient Solar Pond has saturated salt water in the bottom of the pond and nearly fresh water at the top, with a gradient zone between the top and bottom. Due to this salinity stratification the upward diffusion of salt is a natural consequence in SGSP's. This upward diffusion of salt has been found to range 60-80 gr/m.sup.2/day (Tabor, H.; Solar Ponds, Solar Energy, v. 27 (3), pp. 181-194, 1981 and v. 30 (1), pp. 85-86, 1983). Controlling the salinity gradient in SGSP systems is vital to their reliable operation. One proposed method for controlling the salinity gradient is the so called Falling Pond method, where water is extracted from the saturated bottom layer by some means and returned to the nearly fresh upper layer. This action creates a downward velocity in the pond's layers which can be matched to counter the upward diffusion of salt, thereby maintaining the pond's gradient stationary in space.