The present invention relates to the waste water treatment field, and discloses apparatus and method for treating waste water containing ammonium salts, which contains NH.sub.4.sup.+, SO.sub.4.sup.2, Cl.sup., and Na.sup.+. In the method of the present invention, the pH value of the waste water to be treated is adjusted to a specific range in advance; sodium sulfate crystal and relatively concentrated ammonia are obtained by first evaporation, and then sodium chloride crystal and relatively dilute ammonia is obtained by second evaporation; alternatively, sodium chloride crystal and relatively concentrated ammonia is obtained by third evaporation, and then sodium sulfate crystal and relatively dilute ammonia are obtained by fourth evaporation. The method of the present invention can recover ammonia, sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride from the waste water respectively, so that the resources in the waste water can be reused as far as possible.

In-situ optical spectroscopic monitoring, characterization and feedback control of extraction and purification processes of compounds such as oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and cannabinoids derived from plant material are described. Liquids from an extraction or purification process flow down an optically transparent tube, such as one made of glass. An in-situ optical monitoring assembly is configured to be mounted onto the tube to measure optical properties of the liquid extract or liquid condensate as it flows in the tube. Optical properties of the flowing liquid may include optical transmittance, reflectance, photoluminescence, scattering, absorbance, turbidity, nephelometry, polarimetry and colorimetry. The output of the optical monitoring assembly can be used to display spectral and other about the flowing liquid, set alarms to notify an operator of a predetermined condition such as a set point, and used to control extraction or purification process.

A system for brine water desalinization includes a first heat exchanger having an inlet plenum and an outlet plenum for a first fluid comprising a concentrate in a liquid. The first heat exchanger includes a shell side fluid inlet and a shell side fluid outlet for a second fluid comprising a higher concentrated liquid than the first fluid. The system also comprises pipes configured to direct the first fluid from the outlet plenum to a shell side fluid inlet of a second heat exchanger and to direct the second fluid from the shell side fluid outlet to an inlet plenum of the second heat exchanger. The system further includes pipes configured to produce desalinized water by a serial distillation of multiple steams from an nth number of heat exchangers into respective distillates thereof and a parallel product of brine waste thereof from the heat exchangers.

A distillation apparatus includes an evaporator-condenser heat exchanger in combination with a compressor. The heat exchanger is mounted to float in an at least partially immersed position in a sump of liquid. The liquid may be a sap, or may be soiled water, and may have suspended solid. Heating of the liquid yield steam, the steam is compressed, and the heated, compressed steam is fed back into the heat exchanger to provide further heat to the liquid. The process yields a concentrated in the liquid bath and distilled water, each of which may be a desired product. The system may include a pre-heater that exchanges residual heat from the hot distillate with the cooler input liquid. The apparatus and process may have multiple stages.

Methods of processing used oil vacuum tower bottoms in a heated chamber. The used oil vacuum tower bottoms are introduced into the chamber as a liquid. The used oil vacuum tower bottoms are introduced in a first section of the heated chamber. The used oil vacuum tower bottoms pass along the length of the chamber through a series of sections that are each heated to different temperatures. The sections may have varying lengths and may be heated to a variety of different temperatures. As the used oil vacuum tower bottoms progress along the length of the chamber, hydrocarbons are removed resulting in an outputted product that is substantially free of hydrocarbons and that has a substantially granular form. Vapor from the process is further captured producing vacuum gas oils.

An evaporation device including an agitation vessel to which raw material liquid is supplied. The agitation vessel has a volatile component outlet and a concentrate outlet, a jacket provided on an outer circumference and configured to heat an inner wall, and a liquid-distributing portion configured to cause the raw material liquid to flow down the inner wall. The agitation vessel includes storage portion surrounded by a bottom, the inner wall, and a partition wall portion configured to temporarily store the raw material liquid that flows down, the liquid-distributing portion is constituted by a rotating shaft and at least one channel part having a flow passage which, as the rotating shaft rotates, the raw material liquid temporarily stored in the storage portion flows upward from a lower side of the agitation vessel. The channel part is mounted to the rotating shaft, and the concentrate outlet is provided in the bottom.

A water purification system can include an enclosed chamber having an evaporation region and a condensation region. The evaporation region can include an evaporation tower with a series of shelves to receive and increase a surface area of impure water while cascading downward from an upper shelf to lower shelves therebeneath as water evaporates therefrom to form water vapor within the enclosed chamber, and a fluid directing assembly to cyclically transport the impure water from a reservoir source to the upper shelf. The condensation region can include a purified water-receiving vessel and a plurality of water collectors. Individual water collectors of the plurality of water collectors can include an exterior surface coolable to a temperature below a dew point of air carrying the water vapor and shaped to channel water formed thereon by condensation to the purified water-receiving vessel.

The present invention discloses a horizontal multi-stage distillation system. The system comprises a feed stream, a distillate stream, a residue stream, a group of vessels, a plurality of vapor non-return valves (NRVs), a plurality of plurality of pumps, a plurality of liquid recycle NRVs, a liquid stream, a vapor stream, a plurality of liquid recycle streams, a plurality of level transmitters, a plurality of flow control valves (FCVs) and a plurality of liquid non-return valves (NRVs). Each vessel is connected to the adjacent vessel. The group of vessels comprises a condenser vessel, a reboiler vessel, a feed vessel, at-least one rectification vessel and at-least one stripping vessel. The present invention provides a horizontal multi-stage distillation system with higher efficiency and operational flexibility compared with equivalent vertical distillation columns. The present invention also avoids the interstage backflow of the liquid and vapors.

Embodiments pertain to a urea plant and to the operation of a urea plant in a reduced load mode. In embodiments, two evaporators in parallel are used, connected to a finishing section respectively to a melamine plant.

The wastewater evaporator provides for effluent evaporation in a septic system to eliminate need for a drain field. The evaporator tank contains a plurality of evaporator trays in a vertical array. Solids settle in the septic tank, and liquid effluent flows from the septic tank to the evaporator tank and cascades sequentially from the uppermost to the lowermost tray. The multiple trays increase the surface area of liquid contained therein, thereby greatly enhancing evaporation. An above-surface air pump and vent may be provided for air flow through the evaporator tank. An ultrasonic generator may be installed in each tray to increase the surface area of the effluent to enhance evaporation. An additional intermediate pump tank may be provided between the septic tank and the evaporator tank to control effluent flow and delivery to the evaporator tank. A sump pump in the pump tank periodically delivers effluent to the evaporator tank.