Disclosed herein is a method for assisting a thermally-induced change to a nano-sized solute or dispersed-phase in a liquid. The method comprises the step of passing gas bubbles through the liquid, the gas in the gas bubbles having a temperature higher than the bulk temperature of the liquid.

Disclosed herein is a method for assisting a thermally-induced change to a nano-sized solute or dispersed-phase in a liquid. The method comprises the step of passing gas bubbles through the liquid, the gas in the gas bubbles having a temperature higher than the bulk temperature of the liquid.

The invention is a high-salt waste water air powered low temperature evaporating device and method of use. A tray is mounted on a lifting platform; an air inlet and a water inlet are on the tray. Air distributing pipes are arranged at the center of the nested column tubes (33). A groove (4) is installed at the top of the tray, and mounting points are accompanied by multiple nested column tubes (33). The nested column tubes (33) are connected with the air inlet. An atomizer is arranged inside the air distributing pipes; and the atomizer is connected with the water distributing pipes. Using air power evaporates concentrated waste water multiple times so that the salt in the wastewater reaches saturated concentration, and therefore, the wastewater temperature is reduced, salt is crystallized and separated out, liquid is continuously evaporated, and the wastewater can be completely treated.

The current disclosure relates to a precursor capsule for holding a precursor for a vapor deposition process. The precursor capsule comprises a vapor-permeable shell configured to define a precursor space, and to allow precursor in vapor form to leave the precursor capsule under vaporization conditions. The disclosure further relates to a precursor vessel comprising capsules according to the current disclosure, to a vapor deposition apparatus and a method.

Certain embodiments may provide a method for controlling a desalination system. The method may include performing a desalination procedure with salt-water in a desalination compartment of the desalination system. The method may also include extracting brine and freshwater from the desalination procedure. The method may further include directing the brine to a brine treatment compartment of the desalination system, and the freshwater to a firewater container. In addition, the method may include performing a brine treatment procedure in the brine treatment compartment. Further, the method may include collecting concentrated brine from the brine treatment compartment.

Certain embodiments may provide a method for controlling a desalination system. The method may include performing a desalination procedure with salt-water in a desalination compartment of the desalination system. The method may also include extracting brine and freshwater from the desalination procedure. The method may further include directing the brine to a brine treatment compartment of the desalination system, and the freshwater to a firewater container. In addition, the method may include performing a brine treatment procedure in the brine treatment compartment. Further, the method may include collecting concentrated brine from the brine treatment compartment.

The system and methods described are directed to a distillation system and method having an evaporator tank with a wall surrounding an interior evaporator tank area. A non-oxidizing gas line is disposed at least partially outside the evaporator tank in communication with the interior evaporator tank area, wherein the non-oxidizing gas line introduces a non-oxidizing gas into the interior evaporator tank; the interior evaporator tank area is generally at or above an ambient atmospheric pressure.

We disclose a process for purification of mixed hydrocarbons, suitable for a wide range of contexts such as separating and recovering mixed polymer materials, refining used oils and fuels, recovery of hydrocarbons from used tyres, recovery of hydrocarbons from thermoplastics etc, to yield clean hydrocarbon distillates suitable for use as recycled feedstocks in chemical industries or as low sulphur fuels for motive use, as well as the treatment of crude oils, shale oils, and the tailings remaining after fractionation and like processes. The method comprises the steps of heating the hydrocarbon bearing material thereby to release a gas phase, contacting the gas with an aqueous persulphate electrolyte within a reaction chamber, and condensing the gas to a liquid or a liquid/gas mixture and removing its aqueous component. It also comprises subjecting the reaction product to an electrical field generated by at least two opposing electrode plates between which the reaction product flows; this electrolytic step regenerates the persulphate electrolyte which can be recirculated within the process. The process is ideally applied in an environment at lower than atmospheric pressure, such as less than 14000 Pa. A wide range of mixed materials and hydrocarbons can be separated and treated in this way. Used hydrocarbons such as mixed plastic packaging waste, industrial polymers, pyrolysis oils etc, are typical examples, but there are a wide range of other materials having a hydrocarbon content. One such prime example is a mix of used rubber (such as end-of-life tyres) and used oils (such as engine oils, waste marine oils) etc, which can be pyrolysed together to yield a hydrocarbon liquid which can be treated as above to provide a carbon black residue that has extensive industrial uses.

A system for concentrating wastewater with a heated gas is disclosed wherein a heated gas directed into a wastewater heating chamber having a cooling assembly for minimizing scale buildup.

A system for concentrating wastewater with a heated gas is disclosed wherein a heated gas directed into a wastewater heating chamber having a cooling assembly for minimizing scale buildup.