A device capable of stably obtaining gas of a sterilizer containing hydrogen peroxide for a long time is provided. A cleaning device that cleans a heating surface that gasifies a sterilizer of a gasifier for a sterilizer is provided, and after an operation for a fixed time period, the heating surface is cleaned.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can include a system for harvesting salt and generating distilled water from at least one of a produced water and salt water, comprising. A direct steam generator (DSG) can be configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents from the at least one of the produced water and salt water. A separation system can be configured to separate the salt from at least one of the saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents in brine form or solid form. An expansion turbine can be configured to recover energy from the steam and combustion exhaust constituents.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can include a system for harvesting salt and generating distilled water from at least one of a produced water and salt water, comprising. A direct steam generator (DSG) can be configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents from the at least one of the produced water and salt water. A separation system can be configured to separate the salt from at least one of the saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents in brine form or solid form. An expansion turbine can be configured to recover energy from the steam and combustion exhaust constituents.

A method of production of a homogeneous powdered product from a starting product in a liquid state, the starting product having sugars as at least 60% of its total solids, the method comprising: in the absence of air; pressurizing the starting product to a pressure greater than 1 bar; injecting a gas into the starting product to form a mixture in which the starting product is substantially saturated by the gas; and degassing the mixture into a continuous stream of transport gas such that, on contact with the transport gas, water from the mixture evaporates to leave the homogeneous powdered product.

A bubble-column-humidification apparatus includes a humidifier chamber configured to receive the feed liquid from a feed-liquid source. A bubble distributor is contained in the humidifier chamber; and a humidifier bath of the feed liquid is also contained in the humidifier chamber above the bubble distributor. The feed liquid forms a continuous and majority phase of the humidifier bath and fills a majority of the humidifier chamber, which has a width at least twice as great as its height. A lower gas region is located below the bubble distributor and the humidifier bath in the humidifier chamber and is configured to receive a carrier gas from a carrier-gas source and to disperse the carrier gas through the bubble distributor. The carrier gas in the lower gas region has a pressure greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the humidifier bath.

A bubble-column-humidification apparatus includes a humidifier chamber configured to receive the feed liquid from a feed-liquid source. A bubble distributor is contained in the humidifier chamber; and a humidifier bath of the feed liquid is also contained in the humidifier chamber above the bubble distributor. The feed liquid forms a continuous and majority phase of the humidifier bath and fills a majority of the humidifier chamber, which has a width at least twice as great as its height. A lower gas region is located below the bubble distributor and the humidifier bath in the humidifier chamber and is configured to receive a carrier gas from a carrier-gas source and to disperse the carrier gas through the bubble distributor. The carrier gas in the lower gas region has a pressure greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the humidifier bath.

A method and apparatus for thermal processing of contaminated liquids is disclosed. The system employs an efficient and robust pulse jet burner as its basic energy source. This energy is then used to generate steam which may subsequently be used for a variety of processing and purification steps. A multiple-chamber approach is used: a burner chamber contains the pulse jet burner, a neighboring heat exchanger chamber uses this heat energy to initiate the purification process which started in a third neighboring coagulator chamber into which the contaminated fluids are initially introduced to the system. Combustible liquids which are separated from the contaminated fluids may be used to power the pulse jet for self-contained operation. High temperature flue gases from the pulse jet pass through a supercharger box and then into a vortex dryer which may have a secondary vortex dryer for initial drying of wet solid fuels.

A method and apparatus for thermal processing of contaminated liquids is disclosed. The system employs an efficient and robust pulse jet burner as its basic energy source. This energy is then used to generate steam which may subsequently be used for a variety of processing and purification steps. A multiple-chamber approach is used: a burner chamber contains the pulse jet burner, a neighboring heat exchanger chamber uses this heat energy to initiate the purification process which started in a third neighboring coagulator chamber into which the contaminated fluids are initially introduced to the system. Combustible liquids which are separated from the contaminated fluids may be used to power the pulse jet for self-contained operation. High temperature flue gases from the pulse jet pass through a supercharger box and then into a vortex dryer which may have a secondary vortex dryer for initial drying of wet solid fuels.

Evaporators used in radiochemical production designed to evaporate highly active solutions and devices designed to create thin film in the heating chambers.

The film former contains a liner in the upper part of the heat exchange tube attached to the spindle of the bellows assembly of the evaporator lid. The liner is provided with a radiation-proof tip that is not wettable by liquid being evaporated. The tip is made of two conjugate cones: the upper back cone and lower right cone, with the lower cone having a cylindrical belt with protrusions on it designed to center the conical tip on the inner surface of the heat exchange tube. A cap is mounted movably on the liner, with grooves on the lower end of the cap along the entire perimeter.

The liner attached to the spindle is connected by fins with adjacent liners installed in heat exchange tubes.

Evaporators used in radiochemical production designed to evaporate highly active solutions and devices designed to create thin film in the heating chambers.

The film former contains a liner in the upper part of the heat exchange tube attached to the spindle of the bellows assembly of the evaporator lid. The liner is provided with a radiation-proof tip that is not wettable by liquid being evaporated. The tip is made of two conjugate cones: the upper back cone and lower right cone, with the lower cone having a cylindrical belt with protrusions on it designed to center the conical tip on the inner surface of the heat exchange tube. A cap is mounted movably on the liner, with grooves on the lower end of the cap along the entire perimeter.

The liner attached to the spindle is connected by fins with adjacent liners installed in heat exchange tubes.