An apparatus for the separation or liquefaction of a gas at cryogenic temperatures which comprises an isolated chamber comprises at least one front distillation column operating at cryogenic temperatures and also a pipe for transferring fluid coming from or going to the column, the pipe having a diameter D comprising a bend for changing the direction of flow of the fluid, with profiled deflector vanes placed inside the bend, with their concavity towards the centre of the bend forming a plurality of ducts.

A system for water dispensing. The system includes a housing comprising a first and second portion; a water vapor distillation apparatus housed in the first portion of the housing, the water vapor distillation apparatus producing a distilled water product; at least one storage tank housed in the second portion of the housing and fluidly connected to the water vapor distillation apparatus; at least one pump housed in the second portion of the housing and fluidly connected to the at least one storage tank; and at least one appliance located outside of the housing and fluidly connected to the at least one pump, wherein the distilled water product is stored in the at least one storage tank and the pump pumps water from the at least one storage tank to the at least one appliance.

A method of separating a feed stream in a distillation tower. Vapor is permitted to rise upwardly from a distillation section of the distillation tower. A feed stream is introduced into a controlled freeze zone section of the distillation tower, the controlled freeze zone section being situated above the distillation section. The feed stream is released above a level of a liquid retained by a melt tray assembly in the controlled freeze zone section. Vapor from the distillation section is directed into the liquid retained by the melt tray assembly. A solid is formed from the feed stream in the controlled freeze zone section.

A mass transfer column comprising: a shell (12); an open internal region (14) defined by said shell; and a mass transfer assembly (16) positioned in the open internal region (14), the mass transfer assembly (16) comprising: a dividing wall (18) forming first and second sub-regions; one or more zones of mass transfer structures positioned in the first and second sub-regions (22 and 24); and a liquid flow divider (48) positioned above the dividing wall (18) for delivering a volumetric split of liquid to the first and second sub-regions. The liquid flow divider (48) may comprise a moveable weir (68) or a valve (180) in order the change the ratio of liquid flow between the two sub-regions.

A fluid distribution device includes a riser having a first end and a second end. A cap operatively connected to the second end of the riser. The cap includes an inner surface and an outer surface with a plurality of holes defined between the inner and outer surface. The device includes at least one distribution arm extending radially outward from the cap. The at least one distribution arm has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The at least one distribution arm includes a plurality of holes between the interior surface and the exterior surface. A processing assembly includes a vessel defining an interior space and the fluid distribution device including a riser mounted in the interior space of the vessel having a first end mounted to the vessel and a second end opposite from the first end.

A process for removing butenes from C4-hydrocarbon streams containing butanes and butenes involves extractive distillation with a suitable solvent. The process also involves heat integration, which allows utilization of the heat of the solvent for heating and/or at least partly evaporating various streams.

Methods of separating a multiphase mixture are provided. The multiphase flow can include petrochemicals. The multiphase flow is flowed through a vane assembly having a plurality of curved passages. The multiphase mixture is gradually decelerated such that it collides with surfaces of the vane assembly at relatively oblique angles and at lower relative speeds. Such a configuration can reduce droplet breakup which, in turn, can preserve larger droplet sizes that are more likely to settle to a liquid bed below the inlet diverter due to gravity.

Multiple downcomer trays having increased active area for vapor-liquid contact and separation are described. The increased active area of the tray is achieved by adding raised bubble promoters surrounded by perforated vertical contactors on the tray deck. The bubble promoters and surrounding vertical contactors are located under the downcomers from the tray above. The bubble promoter and surrounding vertical contactor promote uniform fluid flow and contact.

A scrubber for cleaning of a gas comprises a casing, enclosing a scrubbing chamber. The casing comprises a gas inlet into and a gas outlet out from the scrubbing chamber. The casing permits the gas to flow through the scrubbing chamber from the gas inlet to the gas outlet. A deflector device is provided in the scrubbing chamber between the gas inlet and the gas outlet and forms a passage between the deflector device and the casing. The deflector device comprises a downstream surface facing the gas outlet and having an outer edge. A spraying nozzle is configured to spray a scrubbing liquid into the scrubbing chamber and the gas flow. A channel member extends from the deflector device. The channel member leads scrubbing liquid collected by the deflector device from the deflector device.

The present invention relates to a process for the purification of hydrogen cyanide, comprising the steps of a) splitting a liquid feed stream (1) comprising hydrogen cyanide into at least a first liquid stream (2) and a second liquid stream (3), b) introducing the first liquid stream (2) into a distillation column (4) at a point between the top and the bottom of the distillation column, c) introducing the second liquid stream (3) into the distillation column (4) at the top of the distillation column, d) withdrawing an overhead vapor stream (5) enriched in hydrogen cyanide from the distillation column (4), and e), withdrawing a bottom stream (6) depleted in hydrogen cyanide, wherein the temperature of the second liquid stream (3) in step c) is lower than the temperature of the first liquid stream (2) in step b).