According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing volatile compounds from a lignin-containing material, the method comprising: providing a material comprising lignin and volatile compounds; treating the material by a distillation method in order to vaporize at least a part of the volatile compounds.

The present disclosure relates to a dividing wall distillation column and a method for refining vinylidene dichloride by using the same and, more specifically, to a dividing wall distillation column capable of refining, in a high purity, vinylidene dichloride from a crude product; and a method for refining vinylidene dichloride by using the same. According to the dividing wall distillation column of the present disclosure and the method for refining vinylidene dichloride by using the same, vinylidene dichloride can be refined, in a high purity, from a crude product having a small amount of vinylidene dichloride and a large quantity of high boiling components, and energy consumption can be reduced more than that in conventional cases.

A process for the production of alkyl ethers including feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock and a first alcohol feedstock to a fixed bed reactor containing an etherification catalyst. The hydrocarbon feedstock and the first alcohol feedstock are contacted in the first fixed bed reactor to react the isoolefins with the alcohol in the presence of the etherification catalyst to produce a first product stream. The first product stream is fed together with a hydrogen feedstock and a second alcohol feedstock to a catalytic distillation reaction system containing a trifunctional catalyst to concurrently isomerize at least a portion of the alpha-olefins, hydrogenate at least a portion of the diolefins, and etherify at least a portion of the isoolefins and alcohol, producing a bottoms product comprising the one or more ethers and an overhead product comprising n-alkanes, isoalkanes, unreacted alpha-olefins, unreacted internal-olefins, unreacted isoolefins, and unreacted alcohol.

The present invention provides a process to prepare middle distillates and base oils from a Fischer-Tropsch product, by (a) subjecting the Fischer-Tropsch product to a hydroprocessing step in the presence of a catalyst comprising a molecular sieve with a pore size between 5 and 7 angstrom and a SiO.sub.2/AlO.sub.3 ratio of at least 25, preferably from 50 to 180 and a group VIII metal to obtain a mixture comprising one or more middle distillate fractions and a first residual fraction and a naphtha fraction; (b) separating the mixture as obtained in step (a) by means of atmospheric distillation into one or more middle distillate fractions, a first residual fraction and a naphtha fraction; (c) separating the first residual fraction by means of vacuum distillation into at least a distillate base oil fraction and a second residual fraction.

Described herein are systems and methods for the depolymerization of polyethylene-based plastics. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed that comprises combining a polyethylene-based plastic with a solvent in a reactor to generate a plastic solvent mixture, heating the plastic solvent mixture in the reactor, and fractionating the plastic solvent mixture into a gas phase product, a solid phase product, and a liquid phase product. In another embodiment, a system is disclosed that comprises a solvent, and a reactor configured to receive the polyethylene-based plastic and the solvent and convert the polyethylene-based plastic into a gas phase product, a solid phase product, and a liquid phase product, the reactor being configured to operate at a temperature greater than 275° C. and at a pressure greater than 2 megapascals.

Provided is a method for producing a propylene oligomer, which is advantageous in that a lowly branched propylene oligomer can be obtained at high selectivity. A method for producing a propylene oligomer, including an oligomerization step of oligomerizing propylene at lower than 160° C. in the presence of at least one member selected from a group consisting of a catalyst containing crystalline molecular sieve and a catalyst containing phosphoric acid, a fractional distillation step of obtaining a fraction containing a propylene trimer, a propylene tetramer, or a mixture thereof, and an isomerization step of isomerizing the propylene trimer, propylene tetramer, or mixture thereof contained in the fraction in the presence of a catalyst containing phosphoric acid.

Provided is a method for producing a propylene oligomer, which is advantageous in that a lowly branched propylene oligomer can be obtained at high selectivity. A method for producing a propylene oligomer, including an oligomerization step of oligomerizing propylene at lower than 160° C. in the presence of at least one member selected from a group consisting of a catalyst containing crystalline molecular sieve and a catalyst containing phosphoric acid, a fractional distillation step of obtaining a fraction containing a propylene trimer, a propylene tetramer, or a mixture thereof, and an isomerization step of isomerizing the propylene trimer, propylene tetramer, or mixture thereof contained in the fraction in the presence of a catalyst containing phosphoric acid.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an apparatus (or a plant comprising a plurality of apparatuses), for example a heat exchanger, a vaporizer or a distillation column, for use in a process (in particular a continuously operated process) for concentrating a mineral acid by evaporation of water, wherein the apparatus or the plant comprises (at least) a device which is resistant to the mineral acid and the device is flushed with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution having a concentration by mass of alkali metal hydroxide in the range from 1% to 30% at a temperature in the range from 40° C. to 90° C. for a time of from 2 hours to 7 days.

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (4-7), a xylenes separating unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a WGS water gas shift reaction section (50) suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas and for producing a WGS gas enriched in CO2 and in hydrogen; a CO2 aromatization reaction section (52) suitable for: at least partly treating the WGS gas to produce a hydrocarbon effluent comprising aromatic compounds, and feeding the feedstock with the hydrocarbon effluent.

The present disclosure provides a control method for a rectification and purification system of electronic-grade chlorine trifluoride. A rectification device of electronic-grade chlorine trifluoride includes a two-stage cryogenic rectification device including a low-boiling column and a high-boiling column. An extraction agent is arranged in the two-stage cryogenic rectification device for further dissociating associated molecules of hydrogen fluoride and chlorine trifluoride to meet the requirements of electronic-grade chlorine trifluoride. The reflux ratio parameter stability of a vapor-liquid (chlorine trifluoride-hydrogen fluoride) phase equilibrium system can be effectively improved by a column plate temperature control method, thus realizing wide dynamic smooth running under various working conditions. The column plate temperature control method can achieve an effective separation of chlorine trifluoride and various impurity components by deep rectification technology, yielding electronic-grade chlorine trifluoride through purification.