Disclosed is a method for separating, with a multi-stage distillation column, a mixture containing an active hydrogen-containing compound (A) and a compound (B) that reversibly reacts with the active hydrogen containing compound (A), the method comprising distillation-separating the active hydrogen-containing compound (A) and the compound (B) with the multi-stage distillation column in the presence of an intermediate-boiling-point inactive compound (C) that has a normal boiling point between a normal boiling point of the active hydrogen-containing compound (A) and a normal boiling point of the compound (B) and is chemically inactive for both of the (A) and the compound (B).

Disclosed is a method for separating, with a multi-stage distillation column, a mixture containing an active hydrogen-containing compound (A) and a compound (B) that reversibly reacts with the active hydrogen containing compound (A), the method comprising distillation-separating the active hydrogen-containing compound (A) and the compound (B) with the multi-stage distillation column in the presence of an intermediate-boiling-point inactive compound (C) that has a normal boiling point between a normal boiling point of the active hydrogen-containing compound (A) and a normal boiling point of the compound (B) and is chemically inactive for both of the (A) and the compound (B).

Processes and systems for treating Kraft pulping foul condensate are provided. The processes comprise removing volatile compounds from the foul condensate to produce a resulting condensate and removing methanol from the resulting condensate. The systems comprise a volatile compound removal stage and a methanol removal stage downstream of and in fluid communication with the volatile removal stage.

The present disclosure is related to hybrid desalination systems and associated methods. The hybrid desalination system can comprise a first desalination unit comprising a reverse osmosis unit and a second desalination unit fluidically connected to the first desalination unit, wherein the second desalination unit comprises a humidification-dehumidification desalination apparatus. The present disclosure is also related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil (Feedstock), the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid (Product) components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbons of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product. The Product is compliant with ISO standards for residual marine fuel oils and has a maximum sulfur content between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.50% wt. The Product can be used as or as a blending stock for compliant, low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil. A device for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A method for eliminating pressure loss (pressure difference) caused by salt derived from impurities in raw materials in a distillation facility during operation without negative effect on the quality of products and production efficiency is provided. The method for eliminating occurrence of pressure difference caused by precipitation of salt in a distillation facility includes using a specific quaternary ammonium compound.

A method for eliminating pressure loss (pressure difference) caused by salt derived from impurities in raw materials in a distillation facility during operation without negative effect on the quality of products and production efficiency is provided. The method for eliminating occurrence of pressure difference caused by precipitation of salt in a distillation facility includes using a specific quaternary ammonium compound.

Present invention relates to process for reducing MOSH and/or MOAH content from vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of palm-based oil, cocoa butter-based oil and any mixture thereof, and comprising steps of: a) Subjecting vegetable oil to short-path evaporation being performed at a pressure of below 1 mbar and under further processing conditions either: a1) at an evaporator temperature of between 210 and 240° C., and with a feed rate per unit area of evaporator surface of the shorth-path evaporation equipment of from 35 to 105 kg/h.Math.m.sup.2, or a2) at an evaporator temperature of from 245 to 300° C., and with a feed rate per unit area of evaporator surface of the shorth-path evaporation equipment of from 110 and 170 kg/h.Math.m.sup.2, b) Contacting the retentate vegetable oil with an adsorbent, and c) Subjecting the bleached retentate vegetable oil to a further refining step.

A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid by providing the fermentation broth, acidifying the fermentation broth; reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion concentration of the resulting gaseous solution to produce a reduced ion aqueous solution; distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and recovering the resulting aqueous distillation product comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid

A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid by providing the fermentation broth, acidifying the fermentation broth; reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion concentration of the resulting gaseous solution to produce a reduced ion aqueous solution; distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and recovering the resulting aqueous distillation product comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid