The invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing CO.sub.2 gas emissions from a coal combustion power plant, comprising a means for physically removing the CO.sub.2 gas from the coal, and then using a turbo compressor and turbo expander device to produce super chilled air, which can then be mixed with the CO.sub.2 gas to form frozen CO.sub.2 crystals which can agglomerate together to form dry ice blocks, wherein the ice blocks can be easily transported and stored, and/or used for commercial purposes (such as for the beverage industry). The heating (compression) and cooling (expansion) processes preferably generate additional energy which can then be used to offset the substantial costs associated with separating the CO.sub.2 gas from the coal.

A method and apparatus for enhanced oil recovery comprising separating CO.sub.2 gas from coal or flue emissions of a power plant, and flash freezing the CO.sub.2 gas with super chilled air, to form frozen CO.sub.2 ice blocks or cylinders, wherein the CO.sub.2 blocks or cylinders can then be inserted into an abandoned oil well, and the CO.sub.2 can be allowed to warm up and change phase to a gas, which enables the CO.sub.2 gas to mix with the oil, and helps reduce the viscosity of the oil and allows it to flow more freely, so that it can be pumped out using conventional equipment. A first application comprises having top and bottom valves and the CO.sub.2 blocks or cylinders being allowed to change phase to a gas while inside the injection pipe, to increase the pressure therein, such that, by opening the bottom valve, pressurized jets of CO.sub.2 gas can be released into the oil, causing the oil to mix vigorously with the carbon dioxide gas, and reduce the viscosity thereof. A second application comprises allowing the CO.sub.2 cylinders or blocks to drop into the oil itself, wherein the relatively warm oil causes the frozen CO.sub.2 to change phase to a gas, which causes violent gas bubbles to form that vigorously mix with the oil, which helps reduce the viscosity of the oil so it flows more freely through the reservoir.

A method and apparatus for enhanced oil recovery comprising separating CO.sub.2 gas from coal or flue emissions of a power plant, and flash freezing the CO.sub.2 gas with super chilled air, to form frozen CO.sub.2 ice blocks or cylinders, wherein the CO.sub.2 blocks or cylinders can then be inserted into an abandoned oil well, and the CO.sub.2 can be allowed to warm up and change phase to a gas, which enables the CO.sub.2 gas to mix with the oil, and helps reduce the viscosity of the oil and allows it to flow more freely, so that it can be pumped out using conventional equipment. A first application comprises having top and bottom valves and the CO.sub.2 blocks or cylinders being allowed to change phase to a gas while inside the injection pipe, to increase the pressure therein, such that, by opening the bottom valve, pressurized jets of CO.sub.2 gas can be released into the oil, causing the oil to mix vigorously with the carbon dioxide gas, and reduce the viscosity thereof. A second application comprises allowing the CO.sub.2 cylinders or blocks to drop into the oil itself, wherein the relatively warm oil causes the frozen CO.sub.2 to change phase to a gas, which causes violent gas bubbles to form that vigorously mix with the oil, which helps reduce the viscosity of the oil so it flows more freely through the reservoir.

A method and system for deodorizing an edible oil or fat. The method includes stripping substances from the oil or fat with a stripping medium at high temperature at a pressure of less than 5 mbar, and reducing volume and increasing pressure of the stripping medium in a multi-step process. In a first step the volume of the stripping medium is reduced by cooling it using a first heat transfer fluid loop at a first temperature, and the pressure is increased to a first intermediate pressure. In a second step the volume is reduced by cooling using a second heat transfer fluid loop at a second temperature, and it he pressure is increased to a second intermediate pressure. In a third step the volume is reduced by cooling using a third heat transfer fluid loop at a third temperature, and the pressure is increased to atmospheric pressure.

The present invention relates to solvothermal vapor synthesis methods for the crystallization of a phase from a mixture of selected inorganic or organic precursors in an unsaturated vapor-phase reaction medium.

The present invention relates to solvothermal vapor synthesis methods for the crystallization of a phase from a mixture of selected inorganic or organic precursors in an unsaturated vapor-phase reaction medium.

The invention provides a cooling device and a cooling method for a sublimation section. The cooling device comprises a reaction kettle (1) provided with a smooth inner wall, wherein the top of the reaction kettle (1) is provided with a gas phase port (11), the bottom of the reaction kettle (1) is provided with a discharge port (12), the middle of the reaction kettle (1) is provided with a sublimation gas phase inlet (13), and a wall of the reaction kettle (1) is further provided with a jacket (2).

The invention provides a cooling device and a cooling method for a sublimation section. The cooling device comprises a reaction kettle (1) provided with a smooth inner wall, wherein the top of the reaction kettle (1) is provided with a gas phase port (11), the bottom of the reaction kettle (1) is provided with a discharge port (12), the middle of the reaction kettle (1) is provided with a sublimation gas phase inlet (13), and a wall of the reaction kettle (1) is further provided with a jacket (2).

Methods and systems for separating a desublimatable compound from hydrocarbons is disclosed. A feed fluid stream, consisting of a hydrocarbon and a desublimatable compound, is passed into an upper chamber of a vessel. The feed fluid stream is cooled in the upper chamber, thereby desublimating a portion of the desublimatable compound out of the feed liquid stream to form a product gas stream and a desublimatable compound snow which is collected in the lower chamber of the vessel. A lower portion of the desublimatable compound snow is melted to form a liquid desublimatable compound stream such that an upper portion of the solid desublimatable compound snow remains as an insulative barrier between the upper chamber and the liquid desublimatable compound stream. The liquid desublimatable compound stream is removed at a rate that matches a production rate of the solid desublimatable compound snow, thereby maintaining the insulative barrier.

Methods and systems for separating a desublimatable compound from hydrocarbons is disclosed. A feed fluid stream, consisting of a hydrocarbon and a desublimatable compound, is passed into an upper chamber of a vessel. The feed fluid stream is cooled in the upper chamber, thereby desublimating a portion of the desublimatable compound out of the feed liquid stream to form a product gas stream and a desublimatable compound snow which is collected in the lower chamber of the vessel. A lower portion of the desublimatable compound snow is melted to form a liquid desublimatable compound stream such that an upper portion of the solid desublimatable compound snow remains as an insulative barrier between the upper chamber and the liquid desublimatable compound stream. The liquid desublimatable compound stream is removed at a rate that matches a production rate of the solid desublimatable compound snow, thereby maintaining the insulative barrier.