Disclosed in the present invention are a purification method and system of NMMO and a NMMO hydrate crystal obtained thereof. The purification method is suitable for purifying NMMO in a coagulating bath of a cellulose product, and by means of the method, almost all impurities including carbohydrate impurities can be removed from the NMMO solution of the coagulating bath of the cellulose product and a high-purity NMMO hydrate crystal is obtained. The purification method comprises the following steps: performing a cooling crystallization to the coagulating bath of the cellulose product between 20 C. and 78 C. to obtain NMMO hydrate crystals. According to the method for purifying and recovering NMMO in the coagulating bath of the cellulose product in the invention, ion-exchange resins are not needed, and acid and alkali are not needed for resin regeneration.

The invention relates to a method of using an aqueous solution discharged from an electrochemical apparatus for converting lithium salt dissolved in water to lithium hydroxide and the acid corresponding to the lithium salt, to produce lithium hydroxide monohydrate with simultaneous conversion of this solution to the catholyte required to enter the electrochemical apparatus. The conversion of the aqueous solution into the catholyte is preferably accomplished by a balance discharge of lithium hydroxide monohydrate as a wet product, cooling of the catholyte to remove to balance the amount of heat introduced into the catholyte with the electrochemical process, and balance refreshing of the catholyte with lithium salt in a stirred vessel. In an additional washing step, the balance of the water also reacted during the electrochemical conversion of the lithium salts used is balanced. The lithium hydroxide monohydrate product thus produced is also an object of the invention.

The present invention relates to a process for producing menthol particles stabilized against caking, wherein menthol particles are, following shaping, stored for at least 7 days at a temperature of 0 to 30 C., after which the menthol particles are supplied with a minimum input of mechanical energy. The present invention further relates to storage-stable menthol particles and to the use of said menthol particles in household and consumer goods of all kinds.

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for pressure driven flow crystallization. In some embodiments, the system comprises a comprising a cavity and a mixing mechanism. In some embodiments, one or more inlets facilitate the transfer of one or more reagent streams to the cavity. In some such embodiments, the mixing mechanism mixes the first and second reagent streams such that a continuous crystallization and/or generation of a product (e.g., solid particles) in the fluid.

The present invention relates, in general, to the purification of boron trichloride (BCl.sub.3). More particularly, the invention relates to a process for minimizing silicon tetrachloride (SiCl.sub.4) formation in BCl.sub.3 production and/or the removal of SiCl.sub.4 in BCl.sub.3 product stream by preventing/minimizing the silicon source in the reaction chambers. In addition, a hydride material may be used to convert any SiCl.sub.4 present to SiH.sub.4 which is easier to remove. Lastly freeze separation would replace fractional distillation to remove SiCl.sub.4 from BCl.sub.3 that has been partially purified to remove light boilers.

Methods of analyzing analytes from a liquid medium are disclosed. A system and apparatus for the analysis of analytes from a liquid medium are further disclosed. In particular, methods and apparatus of analyzing analytes by freezing liquid medium and partitioning the analyte into a sorptive stirrer are disclosed. Further, the methods and apparatus of the present invention can be useful in concentrating and isolating target chemicals of high value.

A method of separating heavy water from normal through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to a fluid including heavy water and normal water and recovering separated normal water.

A method of desalinating water through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to a slush to separate ice crystals from brine and recovering desalinated water from the separated ice crystals.

Acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to a membrane in a fluid to prevent attachment of or dislodge biological or solid matter for membrane cleaning or desalination with a membrane.

A process to produce battery grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate with low content of carbonate from an impure lithium feed by forming a concentrated lithium hydroxide solution that is saturated or nearly saturated with lithium hydroxide monohydrate, removing at least some lithium carbonate from the solution, crystallizing the lithium hydroxide monohydrate, and separating the crystallized lithium hydroxide monohydrate from the solution.