There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) adding water and an extractant solvent to the aqueous suspension of an acid hydrolysis of the mixed amide derivatives to yield an aqueous solution and an extractant phase; (2) separating the mixture of step (1) into an aqueous phase containing the acid salt of long chain amino acid and alkylamine and an extractant phase containing long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkanoic acid, and impurities; (3) neutralizing the aqueous phase of step (2) with a basic agent to obtain a crystalline suspension of the long chain amino acid; (4) recovering the long chain amino acid by solid-liquid separation to yield an aqueous mother liquor; and (5) in the extractant phase of step (2), separating the long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkanoic acid, and impurities.

The invention relates to a method of production of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane in a reaction of phosphorous oxychloride POCl.sub.3, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine, and 3-aminopropan-1-ol in a single reaction vessel, characterized by the fact that phosphorous oxychloride and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride are added to an inert aprotic organic solvent placed in a closed reaction vessel, in a slight molar excess in relation to phosphorous oxychloride, whereupon the mixture is cooled to temperature in the range of 15 to 10 C., and with the temperature maintained within this range and continuous stirring, the solution of 3-aminopropan-1-ol and the first portion of the auxiliary base is slowly added in an amount of 1 mole calculated as per 1 mole of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in an inert aprotic organic solvent, and subsequently, while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature in the range of 7 to 3 C. the second portion of the auxiliary base is added dropwise, in an amount required for binding of HCl released during the cyclisation reaction, and after the mixture reaches temperature in the range of 15 to 20 C. it is stirred in this temperature for a period of 5 to 25 hours, whereupon, while continuously stirring, the remaining portion of the auxiliary base is added dropwise, in an amount of 2-2.3 moles, calculated per a theoretical amount of hydrochloride released from bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride and released in the reaction of substitution of chlorine at the phosphorous atom in 2-chloro-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide, and without stopping the stirring, the temperature is gradually increased from 20 to 40 C., the reaction being conducted until the conversion of the substrates is complete.

A method for treating produced water from a fracking operation is disclosed. The produced water is first fed to a compact separator for the removal of suspended materials. This produced water is then treated for dissolved gases and suspended oils before being fed to a crystallizer where salts are separated from the produced water thereby producing fresh water for reuse or other means. Alternatively, the produced water may be fed to a disinfection system and a concentrator depending upon the composition of the produced water.

A method of generating a refined sugar stream that comprises xylose from a biomass hydrolysis solution including contacting a biomass hydrolysis solution that includes a population of mixed sugars comprising xylose, an acid, and impurities, with an extraction solvent to form an extraction mixture; and separating from said extraction mixture a first stream that includes the acid and a second, refined sugar stream that includes the extraction solvent and xylose. The extraction solvent is a tri-alkyl phosphine oxide, a dialkylsulfoxide, or a dialkylphosphite, or any combination thereof.

Provided a salt production automation system utilizing three-dimensionally structured evaporation fields. The salt production automation system utilizing three-dimensionally structured evaporation fields includes: evaporation fields which have collection pools (SWT) and are installed in at least two separate places; a plurality of evaporation members which are three-dimensionally arranged in the evaporation fields to make seawater flow downwards; and a seawater supply unit which supplies seawater to the evaporation members so that seawater can flow downwards from the evaporation members, wherein among the evaporation fields, the number of evaporation members gradually decreases from the first stage evaporation field to the final stage evaporation field.

A method of generating a refined sugar stream that comprises xylose from a biomass hydrolysis solution, including contacting a biomass hydrolysis solution that includes a population of mixed sugars comprising xylose, an acid, and impurities, with a thermally-phase separable solvent such as a glycol solvent to form an extraction mixture; and separating from said extraction mixture a first stream including the thermally-phase separable solvent, acid, and impurities and a second, refined sugar stream that comprises xylose. The thermally-phase separable solvent is an ethylene glycol or a propylene glycol ether, such as 2-butoxyethanol or 1-propoxy-propanol or any combination thereof.

A method for production of crystallized Cobalt (II) Chloride hexahydrate is disclosed, and an implementation includes preparing a first cobalt (II) chloride solution, separating impurities from the first cobalt (II) chloride solution to obtain a second cobalt (II) chloride solution, concentrating the second cobalt (II) chloride solution, cooling the concentrated second cobalt (II) chloride solution, and injecting CO.sub.2 gas into the cooled concentrated second cobalt (II) chloride solution at an atmospheric pressure in order for Cobalt (II) Chloride hexahydrate crystals to form in the cooled concentrated second cobalt (II) chloride solution.

A method for manipulating ion concentration to maximize ion exchange media performance is disclosed herein. First a source liquid is directed through an ion concentrator such as a nanofilter, reverse osmosis membrane, or an evaporator/crystallizer. The ion concentrator separates the source liquid into a concentrate stream and a permeate stream wherein the permeate stream comprises a smaller concentration of ions than the concentrate stream. The concentrate stream and/or the permeate stream (input stream) may then be directed through an ion exchange vessel. The ion exchange vessel receives the input stream, enables ion exchange between the ion exchange media in the vessel and the input stream resulting in a liquid output having a smaller concentration of ions than the input stream.

The invention relates to a method for producing a cocrystal of at least two compounds by means of instantaneous evaporation or flash evaporation, for example for the production of cocrystals in the fields of energetic materials, pharmaceutical compounds, phytopharmaceutical compounds, ferroelectric materials, non-linear response materials or bioelectronic materials.

A method of purifying cannabis derived terpenes includes first providing cannabis material having a detectable amount of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), adding a solvent to the cannabis material, spinning the cannabis material in a centrifuge to separate crystallized THCA from a high terpene extract. Decarboxilating the THCA with heat to yield tetrahydrocannabinol. The high terpene extract is deposited into a vacuum oven to reduce pressure and volatilize terpenes from the high terpene extract. Next the terpenes are pumped into a cold trap to condense terpenes from the high terpene extract. Next, the condensed terpenes are cooled at a temperature between 50 C. and 0 C. to remove water from the condensed terpenes and yield purified terpenes. The purified terpenes are applied to an edible food product containing decarboxylated tetrahydrocannabinol. In an alternate embodiment, the tetrahydrocannabinol and the purified terpenes are combined or recombined and mixed directly into a precooked edible food product.