Polymorphic forms of tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-3 -furanmethanamine hydrochloride (ANAVEX2-73) and a metabolite of tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-3-furanmethanamine hydrochloride (ANAVEX2-73) are disclosed and characterized. Compositions and method for treatment of Alzheimer's disease that includes the polymorphic forms and metabolite of tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2,2 -diphenyl-3-furanmethanamine hydrochloride (ANAVEX2-73).

The present invention includes compositions and methods for preparing micron-sized or submicron-sized particles by dissolving a water soluble effective ingredient in one or more solvents; spraying or dripping droplets solvent such that the effective ingredient is exposed to a vapor-liquid interface of less than 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 200, 400 or 500 cm area/volume to, e.g., increase protein stability; and contacting the droplet with a freezing surface that has a temperature differential of at least 30 C. between the droplet and the surface, wherein the surface freezes the droplet into a thin film with a thickness of less than 500 micrometers and a surface area to volume between 25 to 500 cm.sup.1.

The invention is directed to an improvement in operation of wash columns, and more in particular to an apparatus for separating solid particles from a slurry and to a process for separating solid particles from a mother liquor slurry. The apparatus of the invention comprises a wash column (1), which comprises a melting circuit (8,10,11,21), wherein means (22,23) are present to introduce a compound or composition to said wash column between a wash front (6b) formed in said wash column in operation and a product outlet and/or in the melting circuit. The process of the invention comprises separating the liquid from the solid particles by filtration with the aid of at least one filtering element (4), while a packed bed of solid particles coming from the mother liquid slurry forms near said filtering element (4), and wherein a wash front (6b) forms which is obtained by bringing a washing liquid in counter current to the solid particles in the bed, the bed being subjected to a movement in the direction of said wash front (6b), while a product stream comprising the material of said solid particles is obtained by continuously discharging a portion of said washing liquid, wherein a portion of said bed is continuously disintegrated, characterized in that a compound or composition is introduced into said wash column (1) between the wash front (6b) and a product outlet and/or in a melting circuit (8,10,11,21), and wherein the introduction of the said compound or composition decreases the equilibrium temperature of the contents of the melting circuit (8,10,11,21), further characterized by the feature that the introduced compound or composition is completely miscible with the product suspension and/or molten product being present in the said melting circuit (8,10,11,21).

A method of preparing benzyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)picolinate (I) from benzyl 4,5-difluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)picolinate (II) is described. The method includes the use of amination and chlorination process steps to provide the compound of Formula I.

A method for purifying crystals in a glass or metal container. A hydrocarbon is introduced into feed material containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The feed material and hydrocarbon is placed in a glass or metal container. The hydrocarbon is then removed within a few minutes after introduction, leaving at least some hydrocarbon in the feed material. Pressure is allowed to build within the container in an oven or in a jacketed vessel for 2-3 weeks. During this time, THC acid crystals precipitate out and fall to the bottom of the container. The contents of the container are poured into a Buchner funnel and a vacuum is applied thereto in order to pull terpenes into a beaker. The terpenes are placed into an oven in order to purge off any remaining solvent. The funnel is then scraped to acquire THC acid crystals.

A crystallization column and a crystallization method. The crystallization column comprises an upper head (1), a tower body (2) and a lower head (3), wherein a crystallization section (11) is provided with a tray (14); and the tray (14) comprises a tray plate (15) and a plurality of lower crystallization members (17). The top end of the lower crystallization member (17) can form a movable connection with the tray plate (15), so that the two adjacent lower crystallizing members (17) are capable of oscillating collisions. The tray (14) may also comprise a plurality of upper crystallization members (21) extending upwardly from the upper surface of the tray plate (15).

A nucleation device for changing a phase of a heat storage material from a liquid state to a solid state includes a plurality of substrates in close contact with each other in the heat storage material, and a pressing part that presses a portion of the plurality of substrates so as to elicit a change in the state of close contact of the plurality of substrates.

A gas injection module for separating minerals is disclosed. The gas injection module injects a gas to a supersaturated solution containing at least one mineral. The gas injection causes at least a portion of the supersaturated solution to crystallize. The supersaturated solution can be created using a clay, such as a raw Zeolite clay and a liquid (e.g., water). The Zeolite clay can contain lithium and be crushed before it is mixed with the liquid. A non-crystallizing portion of the supersaturated solution can be recirculated within the gas injection module for additional exposure to the gas and/or be processed by a reverse osmosis system.

A chemical reaction device that supplies a raw material liquid into a solution and causes particles to precipitate in the solution is provided. The chemical reaction device includes an agitation tank configured to accommodate the solution, an impeller configured to agitate the solution, and a plurality of discharge parts configured to discharge the raw material liquid into the solution.

A wash column apparatus for the use in a suspension crystallization process for separating crystals from a crystal suspension mixture includes a cylindrical vessel including a piston with a piston head including a filter and a piston rod, movable in the cylindrical vessel, an inlet for supplying a crystal suspension mixture into the cylindrical vessel, an outlet for discharging mother liquor from the cylindrical vessel, an outlet for discharging crystals or crystal melt from the cylindrical vessel, a circulation conduit for circulating melt arranged outside the vessel, in communication with the wash chamber, a static grid element arranged in the wash chamber for restricting movement of the crystal bed and for directing the wash liquid entering into the cylindrical vessel from the circulation conduit so as to homogeneously distribute it over the entire cross-section of the wash column.