The disclosure relates to a co-current co-precipitation method of CoNiO.sub.2 thermistor powders. The method comprises the steps of mixing, stirring, precipitating, aging, suction filtration, washing and drying firstly using nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate as raw materials to obtain cobalt hydroxide, and then calcining in a tubular furnace at an inert atmosphere to prepare CoNiO.sub.2 nano powders. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, short cycle, high yield and no environmental pollution, and further oxidization of the CoNiO.sub.2 nano material into NiCo.sub.2O.sub.4 thermistor powders can be effectively avoided through selection and adjustment of calcination process parameters and inert atmosphere. A high-precision, fast-response and small-volume temperature sensor material can be prepared from CoNiO.sub.2 thermistor powders obtained by the method of the disclosure.

A Reflux Rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization. A pressure vessel contains a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process. A mechanism is provided for providing pressure to contents of the pressure vessel and for heating the lower portion thereof. A timer is also connected to the mechanism, the timer being set to heat the pressure vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at the surface of an impure crystalline mass, to reclaim the solvent, leaving purified crystals and impurities in the pressure vessel, and to open the pressure vessel to remove the purified crystals from the vessel walls and bottom surface and to remove the impurities from the vessel. The angle of a crystal bed in the apparatus can be adjusted.

The present disclosure provides a process for preparing Bortezomib, intermediates, and crystalline forms thereof.

The present disclosure relates to a method for extracting chitin nanocrystals through electron beam irradiation comprising the steps of: (i) irradiating a chitin-based solid material with an electron beam; (ii) washing the chitin-based solid material subjected to electron beam irradiation; (iii) adding a basic solution to the washed chitin-based solid material; (iv) high-pressure homogenizing the chitin-based solid material dispersed in an aqueous system to which the basic solution is added, to prepare a suspension containing chitin nanocrystals.

Methods for forming alane are described. The method includes addition of toluene at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of alane to a lower temperature solution that includes alane adduct, ether, and toluene. Upon the addition, a crystallization mixture is formed that is at or near the crystallization temperature of alane. The alane of the mixture crystallizes over a period of time to form a high purity alane polymorph.

Provided is a method for producing cellulose particles or cellulose acetate particles. By a production method including: (a) dissolving cellulose acetate in an organic solvent and preparing a cellulose acetate solution; (b) obtaining an emulsion of the cellulose acetate solution and an aqueous medium using a porous membrane; and (c) precipitating cellulose acetate particles from the emulsion, cellulose acetate particles are produced. By further saponifying the cellulose acetate obtained by the production method, cellulose particles are produced.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for preparing micron-sized or submicron-sized particles by dissolving a water soluble effective ingredient in one or more solvents; spraying or dripping droplets solvent such that the effective ingredient is exposed to a vapor-liquid interface of less than 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 200, 400 or 500 cm.sup.1 area/volume to, e.g., increase protein stability; and contacting the droplet with a freezing surface that has a temperature differential of at least 30 C. between the droplet and the surface, wherein the surface freezes the droplet into a thin film with a thickness of less than 500 micrometers and a surface area to volume between 25 to 500 cm.sup.1.

An object is to provide a method for easily producing maleimide (MI) in which trace amounts of residual acid components as impurities in a crude MI are efficiently reduced, that is, the acid value is sufficiently reduced. <1> A method for producing purified MI, comprising reducing an acid value of crude MI by 50% or more, by adding carbodiimide (CDI) to a solution comprising the crude MI to react an acid component in the crude MI with the CDI. <2> The method for producing purified MI, comprising adding 0.5% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less of the CDI with respect to a mass of the crude MI for reaction. <3> The method for producing purified MI, wherein the CDI is N,N-diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIC). <4> The method for producing purified MI, comprising removing a urea derivative of the CDI (CDI-U) by-produced when reacting the acid component in the crude MI with the CDI.

Disclosed are spray-dried powders containing a mixture of structurally distinct human milk oligosaccharides, methods for the production of said spray-dried powder, its use for the manufacture of nutritional compositions, and nutritional compositions containing said spray-dried powder.

Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of a spray-dried powder consisting essentially of 3-SL and/or 6-SL, the spray-dried powder, its use for the manufacture of nutritional compositions, and nutritional compositions containing the spray-dried powder.