A process for the production of lithium carbonate from an aqueous salt solution at least containing lithium ions, chloride ions and calcium ions; the aqueous salt solution with a lithium content of at least 0.005% by weight and a maximum 0.2% by weight is condensed in a first evaporation step at a temperature between 40° C. and 160° C. until a concentrate I with a water content of ≤70% by weight and >60% by weight is formed. In a second evaporation step, the concentrate I is evaporated at a temperature between 60° C. and 180° C. until a concentrate II with a water content of ≤60% by weight is formed. In a Li concentration step, the lithium content is raised to at least 0.14% by heating the concentrate II to a temperature of at least 60° C. and thus a lithium-rich concentrate III and a residue III are formed.

A precipitation system for precipitating the target component is provided. The precipitation system includes: a reverse osmosis module; a precipitation device; a membrane separation device that includes a semipermeable membrane module including a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, and that makes the feed solution after precipitation of the target component in the precipitation device flow to each of the first chamber and the second chamber and pressurizes the feed solution in the first chamber to transfer water into the second chamber via the semipermeable membrane and thereby concentrate the feed solution in the first chamber and dilute the feed solution in the second chamber; first return means for returning the feed solution concentrated in the membrane separation device to the precipitation device; and second return means for returning the feed solution diluted in the membrane separation device to the reverse osmosis module.

The present disclosure provides a system for extracting long chain dicarboxylic acid, the system comprising: a primary membrane filtration unit, a first crystallization unit, a first separation unit, a first dissolution tank, a secondary membrane filtration unit, a second separation unit, a second crystallization unit and a third separation unit. By the system for extracting long chain dicarboxylic acid of an embodiment of the present invention, the resulted long chain dicarboxylic acid product has a high purity, very low and even no residual alkane residue, and organic solvent-free.

An apparatus for purifying diamond CBD oil crystals. A cylindrical glass or metal vessel is provided and supported by least one support post, the vessel having an upper portion and a lower surface having laser etched nucleation sites for initiating crystal growth. A removable head is engageable with the upper portion of the vessel, the head having an uppermost portion and a plurality of ports extending therethrough. A pressurized nitrogen tank is operatively connected to a port of the head, as is a pressure gauge. A safety valve is disposed at the uppermost portion of the head. Optionally, an inline desiccant chamber is also operatively connected to the head. The apparatus crystalizes cannabinoids in either a solventless process or a solvent process.

A water treatment process (10) includes, in a crystallisation stage (12), passing a saline water feed (16) through an elongate conduit kept in a cold environment at a temperature below the equilibrium freezing temperature of the saline water, forming a slurry of brine and ice crystals inside the conduit, and, in a separation stage (14), separating the ice crystals from a bulk of the brine, producing a brine stream (22) and an ice stream (26). The elongate conduit is of a material, or has an inner material layer in contact with the saline water and with the slurry of brine and ice crystals, with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W/m.Math.K and has a length configured to ensure formation of the slurry of brine and ice crystals in the conduit at the flow rate of the saline water feed through the elongate conduit.

Disclosed herein are a method for treating a water stream in a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system and a ZLD system. The method includes contacting the water stream with a metal agent that reduces a nitrate contained therein to a nitrite, and introducing an amide into the water stream that reduces the nitrite to nitrogen to provide a treated water stream having a reduced nitrate concentration. The ZLD system includes a mix tank, an amide tank including an amide, and a crystallizer. The mix tank includes an inlet for receiving a water stream within the mix tank, and a container including a metal agent. The container is designed to allow the water stream to contact the metal agent. The amide tank is designed to direct the amide into the water stream, and the crystallizer is designed to receive the water stream from the mix tank.

A zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) wastewater treatment apparatus is provided. The ZLD wastewater treatment apparatus includes a concentrator configured to concentrate wastewater to produce a primary concentrate, an evaporation crystallizer configured to concentrate and crystallize the primary concentrate to produce a secondary concentrate, a cooling crystallizer configured to cool the secondary concentrate to generate crystals from the secondary concentrate, a dehydrator configured to separate the product produced by the cooling crystallizer into a solid component and a liquid component, and a cooling system configured to cool the secondary concentrate introduced into the cooling crystallizer, wherein the liquid component produced by the dehydrator heat exchanges with a cooling medium in the cooling system and returns to the evaporation crystallizer.

A system and method for crystallization and pelleting of a cannabinoid, including cannabidiol (CBD).

The present application provides systems and methods for upgrading an oil stream. The system includes a reactor, a phase separator, an expansion device, a cooling unit, and two separation units. The reactor receives the oil stream, ammonia, and supercritical water. The supercritical water upgrades the oil stream, and the ammonia reacts with sulfur initially present in the oil stream to produce ammonia-sulfur compounds. The phase separator receives a mixture stream comprising the upgraded oil stream, supercritical water, and the ammonia-sulfur compounds, and separates out non-dissolved components. The expansion device reduces the pressure of the mixture stream below a water critical pressure. The cooling unit reduces the temperature of the mixture stream. A first separation unit separates the mixture stream it into a hydrocarbon-rich gaseous phase, a water stream containing ammonia-sulfur compounds, and a treated oil stream. A second separation unit separates the ammonia-sulfur compounds from the water stream.

The present disclosure relates to processes for treating an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid. The processes comprise evaporatively crystallizing the aqueous composition comprising lithium sulfate and sulfuric acid under conditions to obtain crystals of lithium sulfate monohydrate and a lithium sulfate-reduced solution; and optionally separating the crystals of the lithium sulfate monohydrate from the lithium sulfate-reduced solution. The processes optionally further comprise concentrating the lithium sulfate-reduced solution under conditions to obtain an acidic condensate and a concentrate comprising sulfuric acid.