A Reflux Rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization. A pressure vessel contains a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process. A mechanism is provided for providing pressure to contents of the pressure vessel and for heating the lower portion thereof. A timer is also connected to the mechanism, the timer being set to heat the pressure vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at the surface of an impure crystalline mass, to reclaim the solvent, leaving purified crystals and impurities in the pressure vessel, and to open the pressure vessel to remove the purified crystals from the vessel walls and bottom surface and to remove the impurities from the vessel. The angle of a crystal bed in the apparatus can be adjusted.

An apparatus for purifying diamond CBD oil crystals. A cylindrical glass or metal vessel is provided and supported by least one support post, the vessel having an upper portion and a lower surface having laser etched nucleation sites for initiating crystal growth. A removable head is engageable with the upper portion of the vessel, the head having an uppermost portion and a plurality of ports extending therethrough. A pressurized nitrogen tank is operatively connected to a port of the head, as is a pressure gauge. A safety valve is disposed at the uppermost portion of the head. Optionally, an inline desiccant chamber is also operatively connected to the head. The apparatus crystalizes cannabinoids in either a solventless process or a solvent process.

A method for refining lithium from a crude brine includes charging a crude brine into a feeder tank held at a temperature T.sub.1 and containing a sufficient carbonate source to precipitate all carbonate-forming solids in the crude brine to form a precipitate mixture and a crystal free supernatant; pumping the crystal free supernatant from the feeder tank to a first crystallization reactor that is held at a temperature T.sub.2 to crystallize a lithium carbonate salt out of the crystal free supernatant; wherein the temperature T.sub.1 is lower than the temperature T.sub.2; and controlling a flow rate to maintain a steady state concentration of the lithium carbonate salt in the solution phase of the crystallization reactor.

The invention relates to solutions for the monitoring, process control and supervision of a solid filtration, particularly the washing process of said solid in a filtration system, and particularly to a method for monitoring and controlling a process for filtering and washing a solid in a filtration device for cake filtration, wherein at least one measuring device is applied in or to the filtrate outlet of the filtration device, which measures the at least one parameter value of a filtrate flow from the filtration device for cake filtration at least during the washing process.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for the controlled crystallization of a compound. The controlled crystallization is achieved by applying an electric field across solutions of target compound and precipitant, whereby the electric field controls the rate of mixing.

An apparatus for generating dialysate for dialysis comprising a dialysate outlet and a dialysate inlet and dialysate purifying means, wherein the purifying means comprise a cryopurifier for generating pure water, wherein the inlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate outlet and the outlet of the cryopurifier is connected to the dialysate inlet; and a method for reclaiming of fresh dialysate from ultrafiltrate and wasted dialysate extracted from a dialysis patient, comprising the following steps: preparing an ice slurry from the dialysate, wherein the ice slurry contains ice crystals and a liquid containing solutes; and separating the ice crystals from the liquid containing the solutes.

The present invention is a method for purifying an NCA, including the steps of: a) dissolving an NCA contaminated with impurities into a solvent which is a good solvent and is not a chlorinated solvent followed by stirring to precipitate an undissolved impurity to afford a suspension, b) adding an acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity to the obtained suspension followed by filtration and/or forming a fixed bed of the acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity followed by filtering the suspension to bring the suspension to be in contact with the acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity, and c) adding the obtained filtrate dropwise to a poor solvent for NCA to crystallize out the NCA in which the impurities are removed. This makes it possible to purify a low-purity NCA conveniently to afford a high-purity NCA.

The present invention provides methods for the preparation of compounds useful in in vivo therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In particular, the present invention provides a method for the synthesis of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and also methods for the preparation of metal chelates of DOTA.

The present invention provides an industrial method production of amorphous posaconazole. The present invention also relates to a method for production of the posaconazole via and novel crystalline forms of posaconazole intermediate. More particularly the present invention relates to novel crystalline forms of posaconazole intermediate and methods for production of novel crystalline forms of posaconazole intermediate represented by the following structural formula III Which is key intermediate in the production of posaconazole. The present invention also provides for the one pot process for the preparation of amorphous posaconazole using novel crystalline forms of benzyl posaconazole. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to process for the preparation of D-glucitol, 1,5-anhydro-1-C-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]phenyl] methyl]phenyl]-, (1S) formula-1 and its crystalline forms thereof. ##STR00001##