The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1,6-trichloro-4,1,6-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1 and 6 positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1,6-trichloro-4,1,6-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate;
wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.

A static internal (1) embodied so as to be suitable for improving a contact, heat transfer or mass transfer between the liquids in an agitated liquid-liquid contactor (3) lacking calming sections and having an metallic agitated internal (2). The surface energy of the static internal (1) is <40, preferably <30, more preferably <25, most preferably <20 mN/m.

The invention relates to a process for purifying an aqueous solution comprising ethanol, acetaldehyde and diethylacetal comprising: a step A) of countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction comprising an extraction section supplied at the top by said aqueous solution as a mixture with at least one fraction of the water/ethanol/acetaldehyde raffinate resulting from the back extraction step B), and at the bottom by an extraction solvent, and producing an extract at the top and a purified feedstock at the bottom; a step B) of countercurrent liquid-liquid back extraction comprising a back extraction section supplied at the top by an acidic aqueous solution, the pH of which is between 0.5 and 5, and at the bottom by the extract resulting from step A), and producing an extract at the top and a water/ethanol/acetaldehyde raffinate at the bottom.

An extractor suitable for using a solvent to separate a compound from a solid or semisolid substance containing the compound. The extractor includes a conveying assembly having an inclined conveyor for receiving the substance from a substance inlet and moving the substance through the solvent, an inclined upper surface associated with the first conveyor and an inclined lower surface associated with the first conveyor. The conveyor is configured to move the substance downward through the solvent along the upper surface toward a lower end of the conveyor and upward through the solvent along the lower surface toward an upper end of the conveyor.

These liquid-liquid extractors are adapted to very low fluid flow rates passing through them. In order to reduce the influence of capillarity and air phenomena that may make the flow irregular, the outlet ducts comprise, downstream of the settling cell where the heavy and light phases separate, overflows of the phases the edge of which is irregular in height, for example serrated. The circulation channels of the phases are advantageously open to also reduce the risks of blocking by air bubbles.

There is provided a device, process and system for decortication of biomass comprising hurd, bark and bast, such as long stalk biomass. Typically, one or more of the bark, hurd or bast generated by the decortication process or decorticator device is fed to a downstream process or downstream device such as a counter current extractor. The liquid or fibre products of decorticator, or the decorticator in combination with the counter current extractor may be further processed into their components.

An extractor suitable for using a solvent to separate a compound from a solid or semisolid substance containing the compound. The extractor includes a conveying assembly having an inclined conveyor for receiving the substance from a substance inlet and moving the substance through the solvent, an inclined upper surface associated with the first conveyor and an inclined lower surface associated with the first conveyor. The conveyor is configured to move the substance downward through the solvent along the upper surface toward a lower end of the conveyor and upward through the solvent along the lower surface toward an upper end of the conveyor.

The present invention describes a method which outlines a process for conversion of CBD to a ?.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?.sup.9-THC) compound or derivative thereof involving treating a naturally produced CBD intermediate compound with an organoaluminum-based Lewis acid catalyst, under conditions effective to produce the ?.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol compound or derivative thereof at a relatively high concentration. The source of the CBD is from industrial hemp having less than 0.3% ?.sup.9-THC and extracting and purifying a CBD distillate or isolate or a combination thereof. This procedure will produce ?.sup.9-THC that is essentially free from any other cannabinoids other than some trace amounts of the initial CBD starting material, or about 95% ?.sup.9-THC and 2-4% CBD. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for further purification and enrichment of the ?.sup.9-THC using distillation and collecting an essentially pure fraction of ?.sup.9-THC using additional distillation or enrichment form of purification. Included are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to large scale manufacturing. Included are methods for adding a molecule marker to authenticate high purity ?.sup.9-THC products. Formulations and uses for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food products, and topicals are also provided.

A liquid-liquid contact device includes: an internal casing surrounding an inner chamber for providing countercurrent contact between a light liquid and a heavy liquid; an external casing surrounding the internal casing so as to form an outer chamber around the internal casing; a light liquid introduction tube guiding the light liquid to the inner chamber; and a heavy liquid introduction tube guiding the heavy liquid to the inner chamber. The internal casing has an upper opening and a lower opening which opens at a location below the upper opening. The external casing has a heavy liquid discharge outlet through which the heavy liquid is allowed to be discharged from the outer chamber, and a light liquid discharge outlet which is disposed above the heavy liquid discharge outlet and through which the light liquid is allowed to be discharged from the outer chamber.

Provided by the present invention is a production method of a polyvinyl alcohol resin in which a content of organic volatiles has been reduced while inhibiting fusing of the resin to itself. The production method includes a step of washing, with a washing liquid, a polyvinyl alcohol obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl ester, wherein the washing liquid contains 50 to 98 parts by mass of methyl acetate, 1 to 49 parts by mass of methanol, and 1 to 10 parts by mass of water with respect to 100 parts by mass being a total of methyl acetate, methanol, and water.