The present invention relates to an integrated process that allows the production of tert-butyl ethers of glycerol, used as a high boiling point solvent (HBPS) in paint formulations (water-based) and cleaning products, or a stream of isooctenes to be used as an octane in the gasoline pool, in a simple way, just directing the flow through the areas necessary for the conversion and separation of the process and using the same equipment, aiming at gains in process yield (maximization of glycerol and isobutene conversions) and minimizing investment and operating costs. In view of this, there is a unit flexibility in producing different high added value products.

The present disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing cyclosporine derivatives. The method includes: providing a precursor fluid of the cyclosporine derivative, an alkaline fluid and a ClCH.sub.2OCOCl solution; premixing the precursor fluid and the alkaline fluid to obtain a premixed solution; feeding the premixed solution into a first reaction chamber, reacting to prepare a first reaction liquid; feeding the first reaction liquid into a second reaction chamber, reacting the first reaction liquid with a CO.sub.2 fluid to prepare a second reaction liquid; and reacting the second reaction liquid with the ClCH.sub.2OCOCl solution.

Disclosed is a reaction device, comprising: a reactor body (100) and a supply device (200), wherein the reactor body (100) has a first end (106) and a second end (107) and is used for accommodating a reaction liquid, with a first injection port (101) being provided between the first end (106) and the second end (107), and a discharge port (109) being provided at the second end (107); and the supply device (200) is in communication with the first injection port (101) to inject a continuous phase, wherein the continuous phase directionally flows in the reactor body (100) to form or maintain a parameter gradient in the reactor body (100). By means of injecting the continuous phase into the first injection port (101) on the reactor body (100), the solution presents a certain parameter gradient on two sides of the first injection port (101) in the reactor body (100).

Upstream process equipment transmits a predetermined fluid to downstream process equipment. A valve fluidly couples the upstream process equipment to the downstream process equipment. A first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are coupled to the upstream process equipment and upstream from the valve. A second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor are coupled to the downstream process equipment and downstream from the valve. A control system is coupled to the first pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor, and the second temperature sensor. The control system determines a first fluid flowrate of the predetermined fluid using a fluid flow model based on pressure data from the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, temperature data from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, a size of the valve, at least one fluid parameter regarding the predetermined fluid, and a valve flow coefficient of the valve.

A solvent extraction system includes an elongated solvent extraction chamber having first and second ends, at least one first port for providing a continuous phase into the solvent extraction chamber and at least one second port for removing content from the solvent extraction chamber, a dispersed phase inlet in fluid communication with the first end of the solvent extraction chamber and a membrane having pores. Diameters of the pores are from 1 to 100 μm and do not differ by more than 20%, and center-to-center distances between the pores are from 10 to 1000 μm and do not differ more than 20%. The membrane is positioned at the first end of the solvent extraction chamber relative to the dispersed phase inlet such that a liquid provided into the solvent extraction chamber through the dispersed phase inlet must pass through the membrane.

The present invention describes a method which outlines a process for conversion of CBD to a Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ.sup.9-THC) compound or derivative thereof involving treating a naturally produced CBD intermediate compound with an organoaluminum-based Lewis acid catalyst, under conditions effective to produce the Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol compound or derivative thereof at a relatively high concentration. The source of the CBD is from industrial hemp having less than 0.3% Δ.sup.9-THC and extracting and purifying a CBD distillate or isolate or a combination thereof. This procedure will produce Δ.sup.9-THC that is essentially free from any other cannabinoids other than some trace amounts of the initial CBD starting material, or about 95% Δ.sup.9-THC and 2-4% CBD. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for further purification and enrichment of the Δ.sup.9-THC using distillation and collecting an essentially pure fraction of Δ.sup.9-THC using additional distillation or enrichment form of purification. Included are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to large scale manufacturing. Included are methods for adding a molecule marker to authenticate high purity Δ.sup.9-THC products. Formulations and uses for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food products, and topicals are also provided.

The present invention provides a process for production of graphite coke from an admixture of coal and petroleum-based hydrocarbons. This particularly describes a process wherein a mixture of coal tar pitch and hydrocarbon feedstock such as CLO is purified in a solvent treatment step and the purified mixed feedstock is subjected to thermal cracking to produce high quality graphite/needle coke. This process also provides a synergy in improved coke quality coke formation while using an admixture of coal tar pitch and CLO while subjected to common purification and coking steps.

The present disclosure relates to a metal recovery process comprising a solvent extraction process. In an exemplary embodiment, the solution extraction system comprises a plant with a first and second circuit. A high-grade pregnant leach solution (“HGPLS”) is provided to the first and second circuit, and a low-grade pregnant leach solution (“LGPLS”) is provided to the second circuit. The first circuit produces a rich electrolyte, which can be forwarded to a primary metal recovery, and a low-grade raffinate, which can be forwarded to a secondary metal recovery process. The second circuit produces a rich electrolyte, which can also be forwarded to the primary metal recovery process. The first and second circuits are in fluid communication with each other.

The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1′ and 6′ positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate;
wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.

The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1′ and 6′ positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate;
wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.