Initial liquid containing fine bubbles is produced by mixing water and air (step S11). Fine bubbles have diameters of less than 1 μm. The density of bubbles in the initial liquid is measured (step S13), and when the measured density is less than a target density (step S14), the initial liquid is heated and reduced in pressure so that the liquid is vaporized (step S15). As a volume of the liquid decreases, the density of fine bubbles increases, and high-density fine bubble-containing liquid is easily obtained. Alternatively, by increasing the density of fine bubbles in the initial liquid with using a filter that does not pass all fine bubbles, high-density fine bubble-containing liquid is easily acquired (step S15). When the density of bubbles in the initial liquid is greater than the target density, the initial liquid is diluted (step S16).

A device which includes a pulse dampener and a degasser or de-bubbler. The device includes a fluid flow path and a fluid chamber located within the device. In addition, the device includes a pulse dampening membrane for dampening pulses in the fluid as it flows through the device. The device also includes a degassing membrane for degassing the fluid as it flows through the device, and/or a de-bubbling membrane for removing gas bubbles from the fluid as it flows through the device. The degassing or de-bubbling membrane can be separate and distinct from the dampening membrane. The de-bubbling membrane can be in addition to or in place of the degassing membrane in some embodiments.

Embodiments provide a filter with a generally rectangular, non-cylindrical profile. The filter may have multiple pleat packs positioned between pleat covers that define regions and flow channels in a cavity of the filter body. The pleat covers have openings that allow a fluid to flow through the multiple pleat packs via parallel flows or series flows. End caps bonded to the body define flow passages for directing the fluid from an inlet to an outlet via the pleat packs for series or parallel filtration. The pleat packs may be made of the same or different materials and may be configured with the same or different heights based on flow requirements. A cage or a separator may be positioned between the pleat packs. The pleat packs may be made of a continuous pleated membrane with bridges defining a space between the pleat packs to accommodate the cage or separator.

The liquid recovery filter includes several embodiments, each of which provides for the recovery of liquid otherwise trapped within the filter housing and element. Each embodiment includes a series of vents, purge ports, and passages that communicate fluidly with the filter housing and filter core. Certain vents and purge ports are initially opened following filtration operations to allow pressurized gas to flow into the housing, thereby forcing residual unfiltered liquid through the filter. When this has been accomplished, another vent is opened to the filter core to allow filtered liquid to flow from the downstream or outlet passage from the filter core. Some embodiments have the filter outlet located above the filter, and include a downstream drain port extending from the filter core. The downstream drain port provides for the recovery of filtered liquid when the vent or purge port is opened in these embodiments.

Techniques recycle plastics in multiple successive process steps. A polymer, preferably a recyclable material, is melted using a discharge extruder, filtered using a first filter device under a positive pressure atmosphere, filtered and degassed using a degassing device, and discharged using a discharge extruder. The degassing device has at least one filter element and a vacuum chamber with a negative pressure atmosphere for filtering and degassing purposes, wherein the plastic melt can be conducted into the negative pressure atmosphere of the vacuum chamber through the filter element.

A method including directing an aqueous solution having dissolved carbon dioxide and dissolved ozone into a vessel, removing an amount of the dissolved carbon dioxide and irradiating the effluent with ultraviolet light to decompose an amount of the dissolved ozone is disclosed. The method may include removing the dissolved carbon dioxide by controlling pH. The method may include removing the dissolved carbon dioxide by contact with a membrane degasifier. A system including a channel fluidly connectable to a source of an aqueous solution having dissolved carbon dioxide and dissolved ozone, a dissolved carbon dioxide removal subsystem, and a source of ultraviolet irradiation is also disclosed. The dissolved carbon dioxide removal subsystem may include a source of a pH adjuster. The dissolved carbon dioxide removal subsystem may include a membrane degasifier.

A gas exchange system, said system comprising: a plurality of cartridges, each having a casing, said casing having a cartridge inlet adjacent to a first end and a cartridge outlet adjacent to an opposed second end; each casing having a bore in which is placed a gas permeable, liquid impermeable, hollow membrane; each hollow membrane having a membrane inlet arranged to receive a gas from an inlet chamber and a membrane outlet for venting said gas; each cartridge inlet in communication with a concentration zone, and arranged to receive a solvent from said concentration zone, so as to exit said solvent through said cartridge outlet; wherein said bore is arranged to flow said solvent adjacent to said hollow membrane so as to permit the exchange of gas through said gas permeable, liquid impermeable membrane.

Fluid reactors include a sealed housing enclosing a reactor core that includes at least one substrate-free multichannel reactor core element. Each reactor core element is made from a non-substrate mounted, open pore cellular network material having an asymmetric, tortuous, bi-continuous two-phase material structure and contains multiple perforating fluid channels. Multiple reactor core elements can be serially and/or parallelly piped in a sealed manner to form a reactor core for a fluid reactor with a higher production capacity.

A hollow-fiber membrane according to an aspect of the present disclosure contains a polytetrafluoroethylene or a modified polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component and has an average outer diameter of 1 mm or less and an average inner diameter of 0.5 mm or less. In a measurement of a heat of fusion of the polytetrafluoroethylene or the modified polytetrafluoroethylene with a differential scanning calorimeter, when the polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene is subjected to a first step of heating from room temperature to 365° C., a second step of cooling from 365° C. to 350° C., maintaining the temperature, subsequently cooling from 350° C. to 330° C., and further cooling from 330° C. to 305° C., and a third step of cooling from 305° C. to 245° C. at a rate of −50° C./min and subsequently heating from 245° C. to 365° C. at a rate of 10° C./min, a heat of fusion from 296° C. to 343° C. in the third step is 30.0 J/g or more and 45.0 J/g or less.

A gas trap assembly including a base connector housing including an inflow port and an outflow port, a reservoir fluidly connecting the inflow port to the outflow port, and a grooved porous media located within the reservoir. The grooved porous media including a plurality of grooves and composed of a material having a plurality of pores of a selected size. The grooved porous media fluidly divides the reservoir into two portions in such a way that a working fluid flowing from the inflow port to the outflow port must flow through the plurality of grooves and the plurality of pores of the grooved porous media. The plurality of grooves and the plurality of pores are configured to prevent gas from passing through the grooved porous media.