A temperature-measuring device including a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is configured to measure the temperature of the material being contained in a container being revolved and/or rotated, and is configured to transmit data including a value of the measured temperature. The receiver is configured to receive the transmitted data. The transmitter is disposed in or on an upper lid detachably secured to the container, so that the transmitter can detect an incident light emitted from the material, and the transmitter can be revolved along with the container.

A froth coalescing unit for a fluid delivery system for a fluid ejection system, the froth coalescing unit including a coalescing chamber including a sump, an inlet to receive froth into the coalescing chamber, the froth comprising a mixture of fluid and gas, the coalescing chamber to coalesce the fluid from the froth with the coalesced fluid collecting at least in the sump, an outlet to communicate coalesced fluid from the sump, and a fluid level sensor to provide a level over a range of levels of coalesced fluid in the coalescing chamber including in the sump.

The invention comprises one or more gas volume fraction measurement devices operatively connected to one or more controllers and one or more deaeration mechanisms which receive control signals from said one or more controllers and perform an act on the system, such as by controlling a level of deaeration chemistry into some portion of the fermentation system. In one embodiment, the deaeration mechanism is an antifoam feed pump which pumps antifoam chemistry into a feed line of the fermenter in response to the measured gas volume fraction in the fermenter's recirculation loop, in an amount determined by the controller to be effective to reduce foaming and lower column height in the fermenter.

A centrifugal pump separating gases from liquids pumps fluid containing gas comprises a pump housing divided into a working fluid chamber and an empty chamber by a baffle, the empty chamber connected to the working fluid chamber by an opening and connected to a gas separation assembly by a pumping chamber duct; an inlet for drawing liquid into pump, a outlet for pumping liquid outward and a separated gas exhaust port; an electric motor with protective cover drives an impeller cluster to create rotary movement; gas separator has a spring of sufficient hardness to control the gas discharge valve to open and close; this gas separator is connected to the empty chamber by the duct mentioned above and connected to the pump outlet by the bleed hole. During operation, when suction gas reaches a certain amount, reduced pressure at the pump outlet opens the valve to release the gas.

In one embodiment, the disclosed apparatus is an in-situ, closed-loop bubble and foam detection and reduction system that includes a liquid-level sensor to determine a volume of a liquid in a fluid reservoir, a mass-detection device to determine a mass of the fluid reservoir and any liquid contained within the fluid reservoir, a processor electrically coupled to the liquid-level sensor and the mass-detection device to determine an actual volume of the liquid within the fluid reservoir, and a showerhead coupled to the processor and positioned above the fluid reservoir. The showerhead is activated by the processor when a volume of the liquid determined by the liquid-level sensor exceeds the actual volume of the liquid by a predetermined amount. Other apparatuses and methods are disclosed.

One object of the present invention is to provide a gas-liquid separating device which can efficiently recover a target gas from a mixture containing at least a gas and a liquid in a gas-liquid coexistence state, and the present invention provides a gas-liquid separating device which separates and recovers a gas and a liquid from a mixture containing the gas and the liquid in a gas-liquid coexistence state, wherein the gas-liquid separating device includes an airtight space in which the mixture containing the gas and the liquid in a gas-liquid coexistence state is supplied and the mixture is stored as a mixture separated into gas and liquid, a supply path for supplying the mixture containing the gas and the liquid in a gas-liquid coexistence state into the airtight space, a gas recovery path for discharging the gas in the airtight space to the outside of the airtight space, a first decompressor which is provided in the gas recovery path and recovers the gas from the airtight space, a liquid recovery path for discharging the liquid in the airtight space to the outside of the airtight space, and a second decompressor which is provided in the liquid recovery path and configured to recover the liquid from the airtight space.

A yield estimation device for a low-yield shale gas reservoir includes: a separation tank, a pulse gas detector, and a methane concentration detector; wherein a liquid inlet is provided at an upper portion of the separation tank; an exhaust pipe is provided on a top of the separation tank, and the pulse gas detector is installed at a middle section of the exhaust pipe; the methane concentration detector is installed at a tail end of the exhaust; a valve is installed in a liquid outlet; a float is arranged in the separation tank, which is connected to the valve through a telescopic float rod. A yield estimation method includes steps of: inputting flowback fluid into the separation tank through the liquid inlet; discharging the air in the separation tank; performing gas-liquid separation; detecting and displaying the shale gas in real time with the pulse gas detector.

A fuel oxygen reduction unit is provided for reducing an oxygen content of a flow of liquid fuel to an engine. The fuel oxygen reduction unit includes: a stripping gas supply line for providing a flow of stripping gas; a contactor defining a liquid fuel inlet, a stripping gas inlet and a fuel/gas mixture outlet, the stripping gas supply line in airflow communication with the stripping gas inlet; a means for modulating the flow of stripping gas through the stripping gas supply line; and a controller operable with the means for modulating the flow of stripping gas through the stripping gas supply line to modulate the flow of stripping gas through the stripping gas supply line in response to an engine operability parameter.

A separation device with two-stage gas-liquid mixture and conical spiral fields is provided. A first-stage uniform mixer performs first-stage gas-liquid crushing and uniform mixing process by an outer micropore ceramic pipe, a middle micropore ceramic pipe and an inner micropore ceramic pipe and crushes large bubbles in the gas-liquid two-phase flow into small bubbles. A second-stage uniform mixer performs second-stage gas-liquid crushing and uniform mixing process. A whirlpool-making gas collector adjusts the gas-liquid uniform mixing flow obtained after two-stage gas-liquid uniform mixing into hollow-core type high-speed two-phase spiral flow. A conical degasser performs gas-liquid efficient separation operation in a high-speed conical spiral field. A two-stage uniform mixing control system and a gas-liquid separation control system automatically regulate and control the flow and the flow pressure of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, the gas-liquid uniform mixing flow and degassed gas flow and degassed liquid flow.

A method for recovering a distillable, anhydrous methane-sulfonic acid (MSA) liquid phase from an anhydrous 2-phase gas-liquid mixture wherein the anhydrous 2-phase gas-liquid mixture is generated by sulfonating methane (CH.sub.4) with sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3) in an MSA-forming reactor, or reactor system, according to a radical chain reaction wherein the method comprises (i) separating the gas phase from the liquid phase, (ii) passing the separated liquid phase into a stripping column, and (iii) recovering the stripped anhydrous liquid phase.