Disclosed herein a method of producing an ultrasound that includes defining a set of criteria for an ultrasound emitter comprising a plate. The set of criteria includes a power output criterion, a frequency criterion and number of nodes for a resonance mode of the plate, a focus criterion, and a durability criterion. The method includes determining an outline and a thickness range for the plate, based on the set of criteria. The method includes using topology optimization to determine internodal zone dimensions for the plate, based on the set of criteria, the outline, and the thickness range. The method includes manufacturing the plate according to the internodal zone dimensions.

Disclosed herein a method of producing an ultrasound that includes defining a set of criteria for an ultrasound emitter comprising a plate. The set of criteria includes a power output criterion, a frequency criterion and number of nodes for a resonance mode of the plate, a focus criterion, and a durability criterion. The method includes determining an outline and a thickness range for the plate, based on the set of criteria. The method includes using topology optimization to determine internodal zone dimensions for the plate, based on the set of criteria, the outline, and the thickness range. The method includes manufacturing the plate according to the internodal zone dimensions.

Various embodiments relate to devices and methods for treating a mixture of expansion gas and filling product foam in a beverage filling plant, comprising the steps of introducing the mixture of expansion gas and filling product foam into a closed separation container and extracting the expansion gas out of the closed separation container via suction.

Various embodiments relate to devices and methods for treating a mixture of expansion gas and filling product foam in a beverage filling plant, comprising the steps of introducing the mixture of expansion gas and filling product foam into a closed separation container and extracting the expansion gas out of the closed separation container via suction.

Provided is a device which is capable of ongoing measurement of variable foaming tendencies in a fluid system and provide a signal to regulate the feed rate of defoamer accordingly to maintain foaming at an acceptable target level. The regulation of feed can be accomplished automatically or manually.

Provided is a device which is capable of ongoing measurement of variable foaming tendencies in a fluid system and provide a signal to regulate the feed rate of defoamer accordingly to maintain foaming at an acceptable target level. The regulation of feed can be accomplished automatically or manually.

Provided are a liquid treatment apparatus and a liquid treatment method for reducing a waste amount of a high specific gravity liquid.

The liquid treatment apparatus includes: a liquid supply pump to supply a treatment liquid stored in a tank; a bubble tank into which the treatment liquid flows, and including a floating matter discharge port arranged near a liquid surface of the treatment liquid, and to discharge a floating matter floated on the treatment liquid; a microbubble generator arranged outside the bubble tank, and to generate microbubbles by mixing air into the treatment liquid supplied from the liquid supply pump; a separation tank connected the bubble tank at a lower portion of the bubble tank; and a circulation pipe configured to return the treatment liquid overflown from the liquid surface in the separation tank to the tank.

Described herein are methods for transporting and/or harvesting gas from bubbles, as well as associated articles and systems. In some embodiments, transporting and/or harvesting the gas from the bubbles can reduce or prevent the amount of foam that is present within a system. According to certain embodiments, a conduit comprising a porous wall portion can be at least partially submerged into a foam and/or a bubble-containing liquid. The porous wall portion of the conduit can be configured and/or arranged, according to certain embodiments, such that the porous wall portion provides a fluidic pathway through which gas from the bubbles within the liquid may be channeled to a gaseous environment in the interior portion of the conduit. The gas may be transported, according to certain embodiments, along the interior portion of the conduit into an external gaseous environment and/or harvested from the interior portion of the conduit.

Described herein are methods for transporting and/or harvesting gas from bubbles, as well as associated articles and systems. In some embodiments, transporting and/or harvesting the gas from the bubbles can reduce or prevent the amount of foam that is present within a system. According to certain embodiments, a conduit comprising a porous wall portion can be at least partially submerged into a foam and/or a bubble-containing liquid. The porous wall portion of the conduit can be configured and/or arranged, according to certain embodiments, such that the porous wall portion provides a fluidic pathway through which gas from the bubbles within the liquid may be channeled to a gaseous environment in the interior portion of the conduit. The gas may be transported, according to certain embodiments, along the interior portion of the conduit into an external gaseous environment and/or harvested from the interior portion of the conduit.

Foam mitigation using a variety of articles, systems, and methods is generally described. According to certain embodiments, surfaces with certain wetting properties can be used to reduce or eliminate the formation of foam from bubble-containing liquids. In some embodiments, a surface with certain wetting properties is configured and/or arranged within bubble-containing liquids such that the surface provides a gaseous fluidic pathway through which gas from the bubbles within the liquid may be channeled to a gaseous environment outside the liquid.