An apparatus for removing impurities from water and/or wastewater and a method of installing a fluid distribution system in the apparatus. In the most preferred form of the invention, the fluid distribution system is an air scour system for directing air through the filter bed to assist in cleaning of the filter bed to remove impurities trapped in the filter bed during a service run. In the most preferred form, the method of installing the fluid distribution system in the filter bed is performed by imparting a force to the filter bed to permit the fluid distribution system to be installed in the filter bed without removing media. The fluid distribution system is preferably configured to permit the fluid distribution system to be readily installed in the filter bed and at an optimum orientation.

A coffee filter includes a metallic member having a flat portion in which tapered exit regions are formed that extend from the bottom of the flat portion to vertices interior to the flat portion. The flat portion is provided with a hole uniformity enhancement region between the top of the flat portion and the exit region vertices that are interior to the flat portion. The top of the flat portion is micro-machined to remove a part of the hole uniformity enhancement region to a predetermined depth into the hole uniformity enhancement region. Holes are formed in the top of the flat portion extending from the micro-machined top of the flat portion through the hole uniformity enhancement region to the vertices of the tapered exit regions. The predetermined depth of the micro-machined top of the flat portion is selected to prevent the micro-machined top of the flat portion from meeting the tapered exit regions to promote and maintain uniformity of the holes.

A media retention plate for an underdrain system having one or more filter blocks. The plate can include a first slot configured to allow the passage of air and a second slot configured to allow the passage of water during an air backwash. The media retention plate is configured to facilitate the water to flow back into the one or more filter blocks through the second slot while maintaining air flow through the first slot to create an optimal collapse pulse. The first and second slots are evenly sized and evenly spaced apart to facilitate the creation of a relatively smaller-sized collapse pulse during a sequential air-water backwash. A plurality of inserts can be arranged along a perimeter of a basal portion of the bottom surface of the media retention plate. The inserts improve the structural integrity of and prevent uplift of the media retention plate.

A coffee filter qualification system receives user-specified filter criteria relating to acceptable attributes for a plurality of apertures included in a liquid brewing filter. A light source illuminates the apertures of the liquid brewing filter and a machine vision camera images the apertures of the filter. A filter qualification information handling system (IHS) determines if the liquid brewing filter meets the predefined user-specified filter criteria. The filter qualification IHS accepts the liquid brewing filter if the filter meets the filter criteria, and otherwise rejects the filter. The filter criteria may include the total cumulative area of the apertures, individual aperture area, aperture count and aperture acircularity information.

A media retention plate for an underdrain system having one or more filter blocks. The plate can include a first slot configured to allow the passage of air and a second slot configured to allow the passage of water during an air backwash. The media retention plate is configured to facilitate the water to flow back into the one or more filter blocks through the second slot while maintaining air flow through the first slot to create an optimal collapse pulse. The first and second slots are evenly sized and evenly spaced apart to facilitate the creation of a relatively smaller-sized collapse pulse during a sequential air-water backwash. A plurality of inserts can be arranged along a perimeter of a basal portion of the bottom surface of the media retention plate. The inserts improve the structural integrity of and prevent uplift of the media retention plate.

A method for manufacturing wastewater filtration plates uses a flowable composition including pre-ceramic raw material. The flowable composition is extruded to form a thin plate preform. Carbon-containing material is included in the flowable composition and/or added to the surface of the thin plate perform during or after extrusion thereof. The carbon-containing material is preformed carbon filaments or carbon-fiber precursor material. The thin plate preform is subjected to elevated temperatures to convert the pre-ceramic raw material into porous ceramic with carbon filaments embedded therein or disposed on the surface of the finished ceramic plate.

A filter system includes a first filter module having first filter module output ports near an outer perimeter of the first filter module and a first filter module center port on near a midpoint of the first filter module, a second filter module having second filter module outer ports near an outer perimeter of the second filter module and a second filter module center port near a midpoint of the second filter module, and a diverter between the first filter module and the second filter module. The diverter has an input port proximate to a midpoint of a top of the diverter and diverter exit ports proximate to an outer perimeter of a bottom of the diverter.

The present disclosure provides a water filter device generated using animal bone. In some embodiments, the water filter device comprises a tube containing a series of layers of animal bone granules.

The present disclosure relates to a composite for a chemical filter, a preparing method thereof, and an outdoor air conditioner including the same. The composite includes a matrix including porous silica, and a manganese-based oxide impregnated in the matrix. The composite satisfies Equation 1:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}4.2W_{\mathrm{Mn}}/P{V}_{\mathrm{Si}}20& <\mathrm{Equation}1>\end{array}$

in which W.sub.Mn represents wt % of the manganese-based oxide with reference to 100 wt % of the composite for a chemical filter, and PV.sub.Si represents a pore volume of porous silica.