An air cleaner may include a housing including a first housing having a discharge outlet through which air is discharged outside of the air cleaner, and a second housing including a suction inlet through which air is suctioned from outside of the air cleaner, and a filter assembly accommodated inside of the housing and that filters air. The first housing and the second housing may be spaced apart from each other, and the filter assembly may be replaceable through a space between the first housing and the second housing.

An ionization device may be configured to be portable, and to rest on a surface such as a floor or desk top. The ionization device includes an air-intake port, an ion generator, an ozone catalyst for removing at least some ozone from air, and an air discharge. Air enters the device through the air-intake port, and at least some of the air is ionized to remove particulates. The air is then moved past or through the ozone catalyst to remove at least some of the ozone from the air. A controller may be used to monitor particulates, temperature, humidity, and/or other relevant factors and/or to adjust the ionization level.

An exhaust gas after-treatment system for an internal combustion engine that includes a selective catalyst reduction on filter (SCRF) exhaust gas after-treatment device in communication with exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine and having a treated exhaust gas output. An oxides of nitrogen (NOx) sensor is coupled to the treated exhaust gases and has a NOx sensor output signal that is NOx and ammonia (NH.sub.3) cross-sensitive. A closed loop observer (CLO) is operatively coupled to receive the NOx sensor output signal and provides a NOx concentration signal to an electronic control unit that is operatively associated with the exhaust gas after-treatment system and the internal combustion engine. The CLO output at least includes an exhaust gas NOx concentration estimate and the ECU is arranged to be operable upon the NOx concentration estimate to control the exhaust gas after-treatment system and the internal combustion engine to effect an overall reduction in actual NOx concentration with the exhaust gases.

An after-treatment system includes a selective catalyst reduction on filter (SCRF) device in communication with exhaust gases from an engine yielding treated exhaust gases. A nitrogen oxides (NOx) sensor is configured to measure the treated exhaust gases and has an output signal that is NOx and ammonia (NH.sub.3) cross-sensitive. A NOx sensor model is coupled to receive the output signal and mass flow data for the treated exhaust gases and provides a NOx model signal to an electronic control unit (ECU) that is operatively associated with the after-treatment system and the engine. The NOx model signal represents an exhaust gas NOx concentration estimate based upon an actual NOx concentration and an actual NH.sub.3 concentration of the exhaust gas. The ECU is operable upon the NOx concentration estimate to control the after-treatment system and the engine to effect an overall reduction in actual NOx concentration of the treated exhaust gases.

The invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine (10). The exhaust aftertreatment system comprises an exhaust system (20) having at least one three-way catalyst (22, 24) near the engine, wherein a particulate filter (28) is arranged downstream from the three-way catalyst, preferably in an underbody installation in a motor vehicle. A heated catalyst (26), which has at least one heating stage (62, 66, 68) that can be heated by means of an electric heating element (72, 74, 76, 78), is provided upstream from the at least one three-way catalyst (22, 24) and downstream from the particulate filter (28). It is provided that the at least one electrically heatable heating stage (62, 66, 68) is supplied with electric power directly from a generator (46) that is operatively connected to the internal combustion engine (10), so that heating of the heated catalyst (26) takes place essentially independently of the charge status of the vehicle battery (44). The invention also relates to a method for regeneration of a particulate filter (28) in the exhaust system (20) of an internal combustion engine (10) by means of such an exhaust aftertreatment system.

Provided are an air permeable vent filter, and a headlight assembly comprising the same. The air permeable vent filter has a body in which a nanofiber web, which comprises a plurality of pores and is formed by accumulating a nanofiber electrospun from a spinning solution in which a polymer material and a solvent are mixed, is spirally wound, and the air permeable vent filter implements an air permeable filter function of allowing air to pass through from one lateral side of the body to the other lateral side and blocking liquids and solids.

An exhaust gas after-treatment unit for an internal combustion engine, particularly for a motor vehicle, includes a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic converter through which the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine can flow and at least one particle filter for retaining the soot particles from the exhaust gas. The particle filter, which is located downstream from the first SCR catalytic converter, is equipped with a heavy metal and precious metal free catalyzing coating which oxidizes the soot particles retained by the particle filter, where downstream from the particle filter there is a second SCR catalytic converter through which the exhaust gas can flow.

Disclosed herein are glasses having an air purification function. The glasses include: a pair of glass frames inside which airflow paths are formed, and in which a plurality of air vents is formed in the sides of the glass frames facing the nose and mouth of a user; a bridge inside which an airflow path is formed, and in which a plurality of air vents is formed in the side of the bridge facing the nose of the user; a pair of temples inside which airflow paths are formed, and in which at least one air intake is formed in the rear side of a corresponding one of the temples; at least one high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter; at least one blower fan; at least one drive motor; at least one switch; at least one charging connector; at least one speaker; and at least one anion generation unit.

An exhaust after-treatment system is coupled to an exhaust pipe of a diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) for treating an exhaust gas. The exhaust after-treatment system includes a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a SCR coated diesel particulate filter (SDPF) serially disposed in a downstream path of the exhaust gas. An electrically heated catalyst (EHC) is coupled to the DOC and is configured to electrically heat the DOC for reducing the requisite time to reach a DOC light-off temperature. A controller is operably coupled with the DOC and the EHC and is configured to operate the EHC in response to a mid bed temperature of the DOC. More specifically, the controller is configured to supply power to the EHC when the DOC mid bed temperature is below a predetermined value and discontinue the power supply to the EHC when the DOC mid bed temperature is greater than the predetermined value.

A particle agglomeration system for improving filtering capacity of an HVAC system is disclosed. The system may include a first plate. The first plate may include a first sound generator. The system may include a second plate. The second plate may include a second sound generator. The system may include a frame. The frame may be configured to position the first plate relative to the second plate. A standing sound wave may be formable between the first sound generator and the second sound generator.