Disclosed are an air circulation system and a final polishing apparatus including the same. The air circulation system improves the degree of contamination in a final polishing apparatus including a housing formed to accommodate a load unit, an unload unit, and a plurality of polishing units. The air circulation system includes air purification units mounted at positions corresponding to the positions of the load unit, the unload unit, and the plurality of polishing units. The air purification units discharge contaminated air in the housing to the outside of the housing, purify the discharged air, and supply the purified air again into the housing.

Methods for treating a filter (2) for filtering particulate matter from exhaust gas are disclosed in which a dry powder (4) is sprayed towards an inlet face of the filter (2) entrained in a primary flow of gas to pass through the inlet face to contact a porous structure of the filter.

The back pressure of the filter (2) is monitored during spraying of the dry powder (4) and the spraying of the dry powder (4) is stopped when a back pressure of the filter (2) reaches a required value. The required value may equal an absolute back pressure, or a pre-determined target back pressure for the filter minus an offset pressure, or an estimated back pressure of the filter.

Provided is an exhaust purification filter that is able to reduce pressure loss and that has high exhaust purification performance and particulate matter trapping performance. This exhaust purification filter comprises a filter substrate having a wall flow structure, and an exhaust purification catalyst supported on a partition wall of the filter substrate. The volume-based median pore diameter (D50) of the filter substrate is 18 μm or greater, the full width at half maximum of the pore distribution of the filter substrate is 7 μm to 15 μm, and the exhaust purification catalyst is supported in an unevenly distributed manner in a high-density layer in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively high and a low-density layer in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively low.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of carbon black synthetic filter materials and an application thereof, which are prepared by impregnating nonwoven fabric filter fibers in a mixed solution consisting of carbon black, animal glue, glycerin, urea, cupric complex of amino acid, Turkey red oil, methylsilicone oil and deionized water, the nonwoven fabric filter fibers are coated with carbon black; wherein, the mixed solution is composed of the following weight parts of raw materials: 2˜4 parts of carbon black, 1˜3 parts of animal glue, 1˜3 parts of glycerin, 0.2˜0.4 parts of urea, 0.03˜0.06 parts of cupric complex of amino acid, 0.05˜0.15 parts of Turkey red oil, 0.05˜0.15 parts of methylsilicone oil, and 45˜55 parts of water. The present disclosure can improve the elimination of contaminants effectively and utilizing the installation space for the current filters efficiently, with strong practical significance and promotion value.

A mask structure with an externally connected filtering device includes a mask body, a unidirectional air seat valve, at least one connecting tube and a filtering device. The mask body is made of an air-impermeable material, can be provided with the unidirectional air seal valve thereon and connected with the filtering device through the connecting tube, so that the mask structure can filter and purify ambient air by the filtering device, and deliver the filtered air to the inner side of the mask body through the connecting tube for a user to inhale. The exhaled air by the user can be expelled through the unidirectional air seal valve to the outer side of the mask body.

A corona plasma cell includes a polarized electrode and a ground electrode, including a cylinder and a porous film, with the cylinder having a low profile and the polarized electrode not entering the cylinder; a corona plasma dual element including a first cell, a second cell having such a structure, which first and second cell are symmetrically arranged; and finally a plasma reactor including a plurality of cells or dual elements.

Systems and methods are described for performing a diagnostic on an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. A gas entry parameter into a portion of an exhaust system of an engine is determined. In response to determining that the gas entry parameter is less than the predetermined threshold, a level of NH3 in the exhaust gas is determined. In response to determining that the level of NH3 is above a threshold value, degradation of a particulate filter of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is indicated.

A filter media can include a fiber coated with a barrier coating that is substantially non-reactive to reactive species, and a photocatalytic coating disposed on the barrier coating, wherein the photocatalytic coating generates reactive species in response to illumination with optical radiation.

A nanobiocatalytic membrane for a filtration system is provided which includes a filtration membrane and a plurality of nanobiocatalyst nanoparticles associated with the membrane, each of the nanobiocatalyst nanoparticles including a core, a coating at least partially surrounding the core, and a plurality of nanobiocatalysts coupled to the coating. Each of the plurality of nanobiocatalysts includes an antibacterial nanoparticle comprising bismuth, and a quorum quenching agent coupled to the antibacterial nanoparticle. A nanobiocatalyst nanoparticle for use with a water purification system is also provided. A method of forming a nanobiocatalytic membrane for a filtration system and a method of using a nanobiocatalytic membrane in a filtration system are also provided.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to cooling hot biochar based on applying cool gas directly to the hot biochar. The gas may be steam comprising water vapor. Biochar may be cooled in a cooling chamber by cool steam injected into a steam loop configured to cool the steam. The biochar cooled with steam may be dried in a drying chamber by dry gas injected from a gas loop. The gas may be hydrocarbon gas. Biochar may be heated in a processing chamber. Heated biochar may be cooled in a cooling chamber by cool hydrocarbon gas injected to the cooling chamber. Biochar in the processing chamber may be heated with heat recovered from cooling. Filtered byproducts and tail gas may be recovered from the cooling chamber. Tail gas may be recycled. Various direct biochar cooling implementations may produce biochar having enhanced carbon content, increased surface area, and a hydrogen stream byproduct.