In a method of treating a gas stream (32) containing combustible and/or reactive particles (34) at least a part of the particles (34) contained in the gas stream (32) is separated from the gas stream (32) by means of a separation device (36). The particles (34) separated from the gas stream (32) by means of the separation device (36) are supplied to a collecting vessel (40). The supply of particles (34) to the collecting vessel (40) is interrupted. A flame retardant material (57) is supplied to the collecting vessel (40) so as to form a cover layer of flame retardant material (57) on the particles (34) contained in the collecting vessel (40).

Provided herein a system including a solvent-based carbon capture system, wherein the solvent-based carbon capture system includes an absorber configured to capture carbon oxides from a gas flow via a solvent flow to produce a treated gas flow. The system also includes a water wash system configured to wash the treated gas flow using water. Further, the system includes a cooling system configured to cool the water of the water wash system, wherein the cooling system is configured to circulate a thermal fluid to reduce a temperature of the water in the water wash system.

Provided herein a system including a solvent-based carbon capture system, wherein the solvent-based carbon capture system includes an absorber configured to capture carbon oxides from a gas flow via a solvent flow to produce a treated gas flow. The system also includes a water wash system configured to wash the treated gas flow using water. Further, the system includes a cooling system configured to cool the water of the water wash system, wherein the cooling system is configured to circulate a thermal fluid to reduce a temperature of the water in the water wash system.

A bipolar membrane in which a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane are joined to each other, wherein a leakage ratio of gluconic acid at 60 C. is not more than 1.0%, and the cation-exchange membrane is supported by a polyolefin reinforcing member and, further, contains a polyvinyl chloride.