An elution apparatus and a detection apparatus are described. The elution apparatus includes: a sample trap for trapping a sample; and one or more pumps and/or valves to move a liquid eluent and a liquid eluate, wherein the eluate includes an extracted portion of the sample that is extracted by the eluent. The detection apparatus includes: a capillary having a low-voltage (LV) end portion to receive a sample; and a conductivity detector coupled to a high-voltage (HV) end portion of the capillary to generate signals based on conductivity of a monitored portion of the capillary in the HV end portion, wherein the conductivity detector is electrically isolated from the LV end portion.

Provided herein are, inter alia, biological manufacturing and downstream purification processes.

Provided herein are, inter alia, biological manufacturing and downstream purification processes.

A continuous chemical process is modified to allow parts thereto to be processed one quantum of matter at a time. This offers precision and efficiency beyond what is possible with the continuous mode. This Quantum Fluid Operation (QFO) is applied to basic unit operations: mixing, reacting, separating.

A continuous chemical process is modified to allow parts thereto to be processed one quantum of matter at a time. This offers precision and efficiency beyond what is possible with the continuous mode. This Quantum Fluid Operation (QFO) is applied to basic unit operations: mixing, reacting, separating.

A device comprises an electric field applying assembly adapted to generate an electric field having a discrete electric field profile; a conducting volume and an electrical interface region provided between the conducting volume and the electric field applying assembly such that the discrete electric field is applied to the material by the electric field applying assembly at a location spaced from the conducting volume, wherein the electrical interface region comprises at least an ionically conductive material arranged adjacent to an in contact with the conducting volume; such that the discrete electric field applied by the electric field applying assembly is smoothed by the electrical interface region so that the electric field profile established within the conducting volume is substantially continuous.

A device comprises an electric field applying assembly adapted to generate an electric field having a discrete electric field profile; a conducting volume and an electrical interface region provided between the conducting volume and the electric field applying assembly such that the discrete electric field is applied to the material by the electric field applying assembly at a location spaced from the conducting volume, wherein the electrical interface region comprises at least an ionically conductive material arranged adjacent to an in contact with the conducting volume; such that the discrete electric field applied by the electric field applying assembly is smoothed by the electrical interface region so that the electric field profile established within the conducting volume is substantially continuous.

Embodiments described herein relate to single-channel free-flow electrophoresis devices or apparatuses, and methods for separating and collecting analytes of interest from a sample by sequentially adjusting the pH value of the electrolyte buffers and separating the analyte of interest according to the corresponding isoelectric points of the analyte of interest. The method includes flowing a sample through a single center channel, applying an electric field perpendicular to a flow direction of the sample via an anolyte channel and a catholyte channel that are parallel to the center channel, and then collecting a fraction of the analyte of interest in accordance with their respective isoelectric points.

Embodiments described herein relate to single-channel free-flow electrophoresis devices or apparatuses, and methods for separating and collecting analytes of interest from a sample by sequentially adjusting the pH value of the electrolyte buffers and separating the analyte of interest according to the corresponding isoelectric points of the analyte of interest. The method includes flowing a sample through a single center channel, applying an electric field perpendicular to a flow direction of the sample via an anolyte channel and a catholyte channel that are parallel to the center channel, and then collecting a fraction of the analyte of interest in accordance with their respective isoelectric points.

A 3D nanopore device for characterizing biopolymer molecules includes a first selecting layer having a first axis of selection. The device also includes a second selecting layer disposed adjacent the first selecting layer and having a second axis of selection orthogonal to the first axis of selection. The device further includes an third electrode layer disposed adjacent the second selecting layer, such that the first selecting layer, the second selecting layer, and the third electrode layer form a stack of layers along a Z axis and define a plurality of nanopore pillars.